The Analysis Of Adaptation Adaptatility Of Japonica Rice To The Sowing Date In South Of Henan Province

The sustainable development and security issues of food are important part of the country development and security strategy. These have always been regarded as the important thing by every government in the world. China is a large agricultural country, agriculture and food are fundamental problem which are related to people's lives,economic development and social stability. Rice is the first major food crops; rice is the main food on which people depend and 65% of people eat rice as their main food. China is the largest rice producing and consuming countries in the world. China's total rice area and rice yield accounted for 23% and 37% of the worlds, respectively. In the 21st century, China's population will grow gradually. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and sustained economic development, the demand for food increases. Rice production is not only responsible for ensuring food security and achieving good-seeds increasing effective and rice farmers increasing incomes and promoting a new countryside construction comprehensively, but also a central task of China's agricultural and rural economic development in new stage. So the steady growth of total rice production will play a fundamental role in ensuring food security.In recent years, with urban and rural incomes increasing, people's living standards increase gradually. The problem is not just"eating-full", but also"eating-well". Therefore,it is a goal which the breeding and cultivation experts pursue that increasing production and improving the quality of rice.In Henan province, the city of Xinyang is a big agriculture city and agriculture is the basic and dominating industry in Xinyang. Rice is the main food crops in Xinyang city, the planting area is about 6 million which accounts for a rice area of 70% of whole province. The single season indica rice is the dominant variety. Rice production occupies an important status in Xinyang. During the stage of "Eleventh Five-Year", the country made a new socialist countryside construction aim and promoting farmers to increase incomes was an important element in new socialist countryside construction. In Xinyang increasing agriculture production is an important channel of increasing farmers'incomes. Rice is a dominant industry of Xinyang city, the farmers'income source of the main planting industry come from rice. However, rice production in Xinyang city is around the state, yield level has not been a new breakthrough. Besides, the quality of rice is very bad, so the farmers'incomes are very low. It is thought that developing japonica rice production has been most effective way that improve rice production and quality in Xinyang even the south of Henan province. Through the research on the suitable sowing period of japonica rice in the adjacent provinces, the theoretical basis was provided with "indica to japonica" high-yield and high-quality cultivation technology in south of Henan. It is great significance for achieving "high-yield,high-quality,high- efficient,ecological,security " of rice production in the south of Henan.Under natural conditions, some species was planted in different sowing time. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Model (AMMI model) was used to analyze the tested varieties'changes in the growing period,yield per plant,the changes in yield structure. The results were as followed:1. Under natural conditions, with the sowing time delayed, the growing period of tested japonica rice changed in different levels. From the AMMI model, we can conclude that compared with the effects of the varieties, the effects of sowing time showed larger. With the sowing time delayed, the growing period of the varieties were shortened. Among them, 86 you 8hao was shorten most; followed by wuxiangjing14,wujing15,zhendao2hao,Jindao1007; Yujing6hao shorten least. The growing period adaptation of the growing period wujing15 was special in April 25 and April 30; the special growing period adaptation of wuxiangjing14,wuyunjing7hao,86 you 8hao,jindao1007,yujing6hao,zhengdao18,Zhendao2 appeared April 30,May 25,April 25,May 30,May 30,May 5,May 5,respectively.2. From the average yield per plant, the yield per plant changes little if sowing before May 20, the changes great if sowing after May 20. The yield per plant of three species wujing15,wuxiangjing14,zhendao2hao were stable, but The yield stability per plant of three varieties yujing6hao,wuyunjing7hao,jindao1007 were bad. There was big positively interaction between wuyujing14 and zhendao2hao in the sowing time May 10 and May 5; The IPCA1 value of sowing time May 5 and May 10 was largest, the interaction value among the two sowing times and all the tested varieties was large. The yield per plant of yujing15,wuxiangjing14,yujing7,86you8hao,jindao1007,yujing6hao,zhengdao18,zhendao2hao had a special adaptation to the sowing time May 15,May 25,May 20,May 20,June 9,June 9,May 15,May 5,respectively.3. Long growing period species had relatively small adaptation to sowing time; the sowing time of short growing period species was relatively wide range. The appropriate sowing period of long growing period specie like wujing15,wuyunjing7hao.and so on was before May 20, heading stage in early September, maturating in mid and late October; If the sowing time was too late, the heading period was delayed, abnormal maturation was caused. Compared with wujing15, the shorter growth period of wuxiangjing14,zhengdao18 and so on could be sowed in early June. However, the appropriate sowing time of short growing period species such as jindao1007,yujing6hao and so on ranged from late April to before June 14.4. According to test results, optimum sowing times of tested varieties were chosen as followed: wujing15: before or after May 5; wuxiangjing14: before or after May 25; wuyunjing7hao: before or after May 10; 86you8hao: before or after May 10; jindao1007,yujing6hao,zhengdao18: before or after May 30; zhendao2hao: before or after May 15.5. According to the ranges of the optimum sowing times of the varieties, the available varieties in the south of Henan province were selected as followed: winter fallow fields,astragali crop,rape crop could make use of varieties such as wujing15,wuyunjing7hao which had long growing period and narrow range of appropriate sowing time; wheat stubble could make use of varieties such as wuxiangjing14,zhendao2hao which had relatively short growing period and a relatively wide range of sowing time adaptation ; Efficient economy crop in early spring such as watermelon could make use of varieties such as jindao1007,yujing6hao which had short growing period.