The Study Of Breeding And Cultivation Technology Of A New Wheat Variety FengKang 38 In Wheat Growing Area Under Rice Stubblein Southern Henan Province

The south of Henan,the north of Hubei and the center of Anhui are in the north-south transition zone of China of which the main characteristic is interwoven agriculture to form a double cropping of rice and wheat based on transitional and unique ecological zone type.The Long-term cultivation of rice,sticky soil,poor permeability,wet injury, large pieces of soil,difficult to fanning in the early age,hot and humid weather in the latter age,the staggered diseases,pests and weeds frequent occurrence in the south and the north,seriously harm and decrease the yield of wheat.Southern wheat varieties are hardly resistant to disease,and the yield is low.Northern cultivars are not humidity resistant,and sensitive to fusarium head blight,and late maturity is late.The utilization of Southern and Northern cultivars is limited.Thus,it is essentially important to breed a new wheat variety which is suitable for this area,and to have a good cultivation technology, for stabilizing the production of wheat and guarding the safety of food.In the present study,based on the unique type of ecological transitional zone of rice stubble in wheat growing areas of Henan province(800000hm~2),research and analysis were carried on as follows:(1) the basic conditions of soil and nutritional status;(2) the regulations of wheat during the reproductive and ecological characteristics of weather conditions;(3) wheat growth factors and obstacles and appropriate countermeasures;(4) the basic regulations of wheat growth;(5) different indexes of nutrition and nutritional characteristics under different production levels and the need of water and fertilizer;(6) the significance and the bright future of development office stubble wheat production for food safety in China.(7) the breeding objectives,technology methods,breeding methods have been selected for high yield and multi-virtues of wheat variety.FengKang38 was bred using pedigree method,the cultivation technology for high yeild was put forward as well.FengKang38,bred by the writer,was a high yield,anti-disease,early mature, humidity-endurance and suitable new variety which was named by crop identifying committee of Henan proivince and was protected by China with the code of CNA003911E.We used the relationship between environment and gene expression, distant relatives,parental traits complementing each other and at least one leading local variety with good performance as the principles of hybridization breeding,to combine ideal traits and organize the complementary genes.We used pedigree breeding and took the growing condition at early age,the mature condition at middle age and the yield and quality of variety as consideration.Then,using YanZhan 1 as maternal parent and Yu Mai 18 as paternal parent,we got the progeny,FengKang 38.The main traits of FengKang 38 are luxuriant growth,anti-disease,humidity-endurance,early mature,more spike,high and stable yield,good economic virtue of seed,wildly suitable,easy to plant,good self population adapting ability and good mature appearance.The cultivation techniques and management of FengKang 38 are feasible,and it can be planted in high,middle and low levels of fertilizer field.It can also be planted on plain,hill country and mountain,and suitable for inter-planting.The spreading area in south of Henan province,Hubei province and Anhui province has grown to 1.4 million hectares,and the yield is averagely over 6000kg/hm~2,with the maximum amounting to 7500-9000kg/hm~2 which is 5-30%higher than YuMai18.The accelerating yield amount is 710,000,000 kilograms,which means 990,000,000RMB.Due to the significant social and economic benefits of FengKang 38,it has been welcomed and accepted by the society,which won it the science and technology prize of xinyang city,Henan province in 2008,and science and technology development prize of Henan province in 2009.Many studies have been done to develop the high yield and efficient cultural technology of FengKang 38.We have divided the south of Henan,the north of Hubei and the center of Anhui into four ecological subareas:dry wheat subarea of Huaibei plain, wheat on rice stubble subarea along the Huai plain,wheat on rice stubble subarea of middle hilly country and the subarea of Dabie mountain with wheat on rice stubble.The high-yield cultivation technology of FengKang 38 was studied and the corresponding regulations were put forward in this study.