The Study On Mating System And The Breeding Of Improved Strains Of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.

In this paper,we mainly study on the breeding system and the breeding of improved strains in Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Applied Chemical methods, microscopic observation, field testing and statistical analysis(SPSS), we research the breeding system of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. from the Floral characteristics, the life of the sex organs, flower opening style, the degree of self-compatible,the mating system, pollinators and pollination behavior.Take both yield and quality (polysaccharide, extract content) of underground parts as indicators, we have investigated the germplasm resources of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. planted in Beijing and Shanxi Lingchuan base, which was Introduced from the main producing areas.The result are as follows:(1) Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. exist " protandry " and "secondary pollen presentation" phenomenon. Pollen viability can be maintained for a long time, in natural circumstances 75% pollen still has viability after 8 days, pollen viability can be maintained longer under dry conditions at low temperature.(2) The Stigma receptivity site locate in the inside part of the stigma, stigmatic lobes spreads within 2nd day to 9th day after flowering, but mainly within 4th day to 6th day, stigmatic lobes almost completely Shriveled 10th day later. Flowering stage of a single flower can be divided into male phase and female phase.(3) The outside part of the stigma has hair, called "pollen collection hair", which has a retraction mechanism, the retraction rate can be adjusted according to visit frequency of pollinators to flower.The retraction rate also affects the duration of male phase,a tactile stimulation of the hairs causes a shortening of the length of the male phase and accelerate-s stigma maturation.(4) Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. does not exist apomixis and wind pollination, gets self-compatible, but mainly outcrossing, pollination requires pollinators, bees are main pollinators. The fructification rate by self-pollination of Codonopsis pilosula is low, we find no synchronized maturation of pistil and stamen,and the pollen from self-flower can not effectively access the stigma receptivity site of self-flower is the main reasons.(5) Through comprehensive analysis of the underground part's the yield and quality of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf..We find Fengxian germplasm is Significant in root diameter and extract content than others in Beijing.Wutai germplasm and Wenxian germplasm also get a good comprehensive quality, Lingchuan germplasm, Pingshun germplasm, Wenxian germplasm, Pingshun germplasm×Fengxian germplasm get a good comprehensive quality in root diameter and polysaccharide in Shanxi. Fengxian germplasm and Pingshun germplasm×Fengxian germplasm get a good comprehensive quality in root diameter and extract content in Shanxi.After further selection, purification, stability, these germplasms could be used as seed source for future breeding lines with different purpose and index.