| The study on root distribution of Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. Ulums macrocarpa Hance. and Quercus mongolica Fisch in Daqinggou. was carried out with an approach of Whole-Tree excavation. The relationship between soil moisture and fertility was constructed by root biomass, RLD, SRL. The results were as follows:(1) The root biomasses of Fraxinus mandshurica, Ulmus macrocarpa, and Quercus mongolica index increased as the depth of soil increased. RLD had a biquadratic polynomial trend as the depth of soil increased. A linear relationship was shown between SRL and the depth of soil. There were significant differences between root biomass, RLD, SRL, the depth of roots of three kinds of trees.(2) Root biomass and RLD of Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus macrocarpa correlated positively with soil moisture, but Quercus mongolica was opposite. The SRL of Quercus mongolica was significantly correlated to the soil moisture. The water use efficiency of Ulmus macrocarpa and Quercus mongolica were higher in 0~5 cm soil layer and got to 15.21 and 33.07 respectively, which were 5.12and 11.13 times respectively compared with the water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica.(3) The root biomass of Fraxinus mandshurica correlated positively with soil organic carbon, total N and P, available nutrient and pH value. RLD was significantly correlated to soil organic carbon, total N and P, available N and P, and pH value. The root biomass and RLD of Ulmus macrocarpa and Quercus mongolica correlated positively with soil organic carbon, total N and P, available nutrient. SRL of Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus macrocarpa was completely irrelevant to the index of soil nutrient. SRL of Quercus mongolica was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, total N and P, available nutrient. It had close relations between soil water and fertility for the roots of Quercus mongolica, which showed its fine adaptability to the surroundings.
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