Analysis Of Sulfonamides In Typical Aquaculture Regions Of The Pearl River Delta And Study Of Its Biomarkers

Three types of Sulfonamides (sulfadianzine,sulfadimidine,sulfamethoxazole) were selected for this research to study the adverse effects of these Sulfonamides on aquatic environment.In the first part, we determined the concentration of Sulfonamides in fish and sediment samples collected from the freshwater fish farms and marine fish farms in the Pearl River Delta, and measured the concentration of MDA and GST in the fish. A fast and cost-effective method was developed to determine the residues of 3 sulfonamides in fish tissues and sediments by liquid-liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC). The limit of determination for sulfadianzine,sulfadimidine and sulfamethoxazole was 5 ng/mL,5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. Linear range was 10-1000 ng/mL for each pharmaceuticals. The average recoveries of 3 sulfonamides in spiked fish muscles range from 79.5% to 113.6%, and the relative standard deviations were below 10.4%. The results indicated that the residues of sulfonamides in the fish was higher than those in the sediments.In the second part, we evaluated if GST and MDA were used as potential sensitive biomarkers for sulfonamides contamination through exposure experiment with Oreochromis niloticus.The results indicated that GST and MDA activities were depend on the residues of sulfonamides in Oreochromis niloticus. So GST and MDA could consider as the biomarkers of sulfonamides contamination.