| Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is an important fruit tree,and it is called four major fruit with citrus,bananas and grapes with its wide distribution,lots of varieties and high economic value.Apple cultivation has a long history in China and the yield and the value of output in china is at the top of the world.But there are still a wide gap in the fruit quality,variety mix,and variety update speed between our country level and the world.So it become to an important topic that breeding more high-quality,high yield,stress resistance of apple varieties.Traditional breeding methods did not meet the requirements of current varieties update rate.The main trend in apple breeding is marker-assisted breeding,now. Construction of high-density genetic linkage map could provide technical information for improving the important agronomic traits in Apple.The study materials were F1 population of'Telamon'×'Fuji'and'Telamon'×'Starkrimson'.And we made use of the materials to do a lot of researches on apple,such as the SRAP reaction system was established by orthogonal design,intuitive analysis and variance analysis;the molecule genetic linkage map of apple was constructed by AFLP and SRAP;the Co gene and the fruit shape index genetic of apple were analysis by SRAP.The main results such as:(1) The SRAP reaction system (10uL) was established.i.e.1uL10×buffer (Mg2+free) ,2.0mmol.L-1 Mg2+,0.8mmol.L-1 dNTPs,0.2pmol.uL-1 Primer,0.6U Taq DNA polymerase and 60ng template DNA.The reaction program was 95℃4min,95℃45s,35℃45s,72℃1min,5cycles;95℃45s,52℃45s,72℃1min, 30cycles;72℃5min.(2) The molecule genetic linkage map of apple was constructed. Molecule genetic linkage maps for the apple were constructed using SRAP and AFLP markers in a Telamon×Fuji progeny of 94 individuals and the parents by screening a total of 400 SRAP primers and 64 AFLP primers.Approximately 50 out of 400 SRAP primer pairs and 30 out of 64 AFLP primer pairs,respectively,showed polymorphisms.164 polymorphisms bands (133SRAPs,31AFLPs) were get in the test.Eighteen linkage groups were obtained in the genetic map.And these maps consisted of 98 markers (85SRAPs,12AFLPs,Co) spanning 1127.6cM. The average map distance was 11.5cM.(3) The Co trait was marked with the F1 of'Telamon'×'Fuji'and'Telamon'×'Starkrimson'.The SRAP primer pair M10E4 could amplify the fragment about 310bp which could differentiate between the Co pool (12) and the normal pool (12) ,the marker was named M10E4-310 which was the same as one marker of LG16.The result was proved among modle individuals of column and normal type.And the results was verified in a larger range of typical individuals. And compliance rate between markers and phenotypes was 92.86%.And the genetic distance between M10E4-310 and the Co trait was 8.7cM in the linkage group LG16 of the genetic map.(4) The fruit shapes heredity of apple was explored preliminary with the F1 of'Telamon'×'Fuji'.400 SRAP primer pairs were screened.Most pairs could show differences between the flat round gene pool and the conical gene pool,these differences could not distinguish the two pools but one named M16E9 and the difference showed very stable.The difference was judged to be related to the fruit shape genetic preliminarily by being proved in 45 individuals of F1 population and the final conclusion was needed to move forward a single step.
|
PDF Full Text Request