Multi-function Trichoderma Degradation Characteristics Against Cellulose And Pesticides

Trichoderma are well known as biocontrol agents, used worldwide against different plant pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma spp. is free-living fungi that are common in soil and root ecosystems. It has played an important role in controlling plant pathogens for its efficiency, safety, and no-existence pathogens resistance. Some Trichoderma biocontrol agents have been commercialized in the United States, India, Sweden and other countries. It also produced in China in recent years. Corn flour and wheat bran were used as solid culture medium to produce Trichoderma conidia. How to reduce production cost is the key process of accelerating practical utilization of Trichoderma.China is a large agricultural country, the quantity of straw residues is huge, but its utilization is little. Burning or abandoning them not only a waste of valuable natural resources, but also polluted the atmosphere and is harmful to human health. It is known that Trichoderma spp. can produce cellulase and degrade some pesticides. It will be of great significance to agricultural if we could use straw materials as solide to produce Trichoderma biological control agents and use it to degrade pesticide. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1. A multi-functional Trichoderma stain J16 was selected which having a certain ability of biological control, degrading cellulose and degrading pesticide .It indentified as Trichoderma brevicompactum by morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. It is the first report of this genus in China.2. Trichoderma brevicompactum had a strong antagonist on pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F.oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, which ihibitory rates were 56.6%; 81.2%; 65.6%; 53.5%; 70.6% respectively. Different factors on sporulation when using straw as the nutrientsubstance was further studied. The optimal conditions of spore production were determined by single-factor method and orthogonal experimentation. straw: wheat = 2:1, 40% of water content, 12% of inoculum, 28℃, culture time is 9 days.3. Under laboratory conditions, when Trichoderma brevicompactum were cultured with pesticides (beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid) as the single source of carbon for 7 days. The three kinds of pesticide degradation rates were 90.43%, 86.71% and 78.81% respectively.To research the degradation effects of Trichoderma brevicompactum on beta-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in practical applications, the biocontrol agent of the Trichoderma brevicompactum was applied in the rapes (Brassica campestris L.) in the greenhouse, the degradation rates of Trichoderma brevicompactum against insecticides (beta-cypermethrin in synthetic pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos in organophosphate pesticides) were determined by GC-FID. The degradation rates were 45.54% and 72.58% at the 17 days respectively.