Effects Of Tillage And Fertilization On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Chernozem

In this study, chernozem of Heilongjiang province, Lanxi county as the research object, set of conservation tillage test and fertilization test, and the conservation tillage test set four treatments: conventional tillage, no tillage, straw mulch, deep sub-soiling, the fertilization test set four treatments: deep sub-soiling, deep sub-soiling plus chicken manure, deep sub-soiling plus pig manure, deep sub-soiling plus cow dung. The effects of different tillage and fertilization conditions on soil physical properties, chemical properties, biological properties and yield were researched.The results showed that: conservation tillage and fertilization on soil physical properties have different degrees. Of different treatments can increase soil moisture, particularly in no tillage and straw mulch in the crop growing period for increasing 20cm of soil moisture results are obvious. Deep sub-soiling and deep sub-soiling plus chicken manure on improving soil within 20cm of the soil temperature effect is obvious, while no tillage and straw mulch treatment of soil temperature is lower, so that straw mulch treatment late emergence, seedling emergence to reduce. In the soil profile distribution of soil temperature, the soil temperature decreased with the increasing of soil depth. Conservation tillage and fertilization treatment can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil moisture capacity, the effect of deep sub-soiling plus cow dung in which the most significant. The soil aggregate was shown as that the content of >0.25mm water-stable aggregate were improved under different fertility treatments. Deep sub-soiling plus chicken manure treatment effect of significantly improving the soil structure.Fertilization on soil chemical properties have a certain impact, Fertility treatments can significantly improve soil nutrient. The soil organic matter was shown as that the contents of soil organic matter under fertilization treatments were higher, and the promotion was the most significant under deep sub-soiling plus chicken manure. Deep sub-soiling plus pig manure treatment of soil available phosphorus contents is the largest, deep sub-soiling plus cow dung treatment of the highest content of available nitrogen and available potassium.Conservation tillage and fertilization can improve soil enzyme activity. Catalase in the crop growth period showing that: an increase in maize during early growth, peak activity occurred after the activity began to decline, until harvest time is slightly higher trend. In the early crop growth, no tillage, deep sub-soiling plus pig manure and deep sub-soiling plus cow dung treatments impose catalase activity and rapidly growth, no tillage treatment of catalase activity are greatest during later growth stage. Organic fertilizer treatments applied at various growth stages of the urease activity were higher,deep sub-soiling plus pig manure treatment the greatest urease activity. No tillage and deep sub-soiling plus cow dung treatment applied invertase activity in various growth stages are large, no tillage treatment in reproductive activity in the latter part of the largest and no tillage treatment of the three kinds of soil enzyme activities were minimal.From the production point of view, in addition to no tillage and straw mulch treatments yields less than conventional treatment, other treatments were higher than conventional treatment, including deep sub-soiling plus pig manure treatment yields the largest and deep sub-soiling treatment was followed by, respectively, compared with conventional treatment increased 2.95% and 2.32%.Taking all factors come: conservation tillage in all treatment on improving soil physical properties are more prominent, and fertilization of all treatments in enhancing the soil nutrient content and the results are obvious in terms of activity.Taken together, deep sub-soiling with pig manure was adaptable fertilizatoin treatment in the region.