| Objective To investigate biodiversity and zoogeography of freshwater crabs in Jiangxi,more than 600 freshwater crabs specimens from Jiangxi Province which have been collected in last 10 years will be identified. Inorder to initially explore the genetic structure of Sinopotamon in Jiangxi Province and its geographical distribution pattern of the formation mechanism, using 16S rDNA gene partial sequence to analysis genetic differentiation among three species of Sinopotamon.Methods Classification and identification of freshwater crabs is based on the morphology of the holotype specimens.Afer determination of 35 samples of 16S rDNA gene partial sequence for S. jianglenses ,S.xiusuiense, S.fukienense, we calculate genetic diversity and differentiation parameters using DnaSp4.0 software and constructed subsystem development tree with MEGA4.0.Results The result shows there are 35 species or subspecies freshwater crabs in Jiangxi Province.It belongs to 2 families,4 genera,including 21 species which are endemic to the province.Based on zoogeographic discussion that has been done by Dai Aiyun and the geographic characteritics of Jiangxi, these freshwater crabs are divided into four zoogeographical parts.The results indicated that the composition and number of freshwater crabs is different among these four geographical parts relatively. And geographical part has its own endemic species .Meanwhile, the molecular biology result shows a high degree of differentiation among S. jianglenses ,S.xiusuiense, S.fukienense. There is no gene flow among them.Phylogenetic reconstruction shows the formation of three independent branches of the respective populations, it is consistent with their difference of their shap .Conclusion:The reasons of the high diversity of freshwater crabs in Jiangxi Province and its highly differentiaion may be the interaction of various factors,eg geographical isolation, genetic drift, reproductive isolation,habitat heterogeneity and so on.
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