| Pearl has always been regarded as treasure of the treasure, it is a symbol of purity, perfection, dignity and authority, both with jade. High quality, grade pearl jewelry has been in short supply in the domestic and international high-end market. Therefore, it is paid attention to improve pearl quality pearl at home-and-abroad research field. Although cultivation methods and processing technology has improved to some extent, and improved the quality of pearls, but have different degrees of defects or limitations, failing to achieve high-quality pearls in the stabilization and efficient training. In this paper, the methods of cultivating high-quality pearls were studyed, as research object of Pinctada martensii. With the use of the new synthetic human intervention material, 2 - propyl 4,5 - imidazo acid cobalt(Ⅱ)/[Co(C8H8N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, new methods of cultivating high-quality pearls were explored through algae, oyster pearl and pearl pathways. It will provide new ideas for the research and development of high-quality pearl in China.Main studies and conclusion summarized as follows:1.Analysis of the chemical composition in Pinctada martensii(1)Seventeen amino acids in meat of Pinctada martensii were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), essential amino acids (Lys, Thr, Phe, Val, Leu, Ile, Met) accounting for 32.0% of the total amino acids and flavor amino acids (Arg, Ala, Gly, Asp, Glu) accounting for 56.2% of the total aminl acids. Nine amino acids were detected in shell, essential amino acids accounting for 52.0% of the total amino acids and flavor amino acids accounted for 41.8% of the total amino acids.(2)Eghiteen Maillard reaction products of hydrolyzate amino acid in the meat of Pinctada martensii were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Four flavors, including ethyl acetate, t-butyl hydroquinone, diethylene glycol ether acetate and cedar, accounted for 46.57% of the total content.(3)Fat-soluble components in the meat and shell of Pinctada martensii were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometer (GC-MS), identificated alkane compounds in major components. Six fat-soluble ingredients in shell and meat are the same, namely, diethyl-decanoic oxygen borane, 20 alkyl, 3,8 - dimethyl undecane, 3,7 - dimethyl-nonyl alkanes, 21 alkane, methyl isobutyl phthalate.(4) By inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) minerals were analyzed in the meat and shell of Pinctada martensii. The contents of Zn, Mg, Fe minerals were higher in the shell and meat. Mg in the flesh and shells were the highest, amounting to 95.80mg/Kg in the meat and up to 514.00mg/Kg in the shell.2. Synthesis and characterization of Cobalt complex. A novel cobalt complex [Co(C8H8N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO was synthesized with 2 - propyl 4, 5 - dicarboxylate imidazole and Co (NO3)2, and its structure was characterized. In the symmetric unit, it consists of anti-divalent cobalt ion in the center, two deprotonated 2-propyl 4,5- imidazole -2-carboxylic acids, two coordinated waters and two free of N, N- dimethylformamide compositions. The central ion of divalent cobalt ion with two N, O bidentate ligand and two coordinated water molecules form a coordination number of six of the distorted octahedral structure.3. Study on toxicity of cobalt complex to Platymonas subcordiformis. A standard method of algal bioassay for evaluatingthe toxicity of toxic chemicalwas applied in the experiments. The lowest no observable effect concentrations (LNOEC) of cobalt complex and cobalt ion on the growth of Platymonas subcordiformis were found to be 5.0mg/L and 1.25mg/L, and 96h-EC50s were obversed to be 31.92mg/L and 7.16mg/L, respectively. According to both LNOEC and 96h-EC50 calculated, the toxicities of these compounds on inhibitingthe growth of Platymonas subcordiformis increased in the order cobalt ion>cobalt complex.4. Tracing study on the tranfer process of cobalt complex in algae,oyster pearl and pearl pathway. The tansfer effect of cobalt complex and cobalt ion were studyed based on algae - oyster shell - pearl pathway. 15N and cobalt elements were analyzed with stable isotope mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, to explore the enrichment effect on Platymonas subcordiformis to cobalt complex and transfer effect of cobalt complex and cobalt ion in the pearl layer, mantle and pearl sac. The results show that the enrichment effect on Platymonas subcordiformis to cobalt complex is the line gradually increased to stable, up to maximum adsorption in the third day. Platymonas subcordiformis enriched cobalt complex and cobalt ion were used to feed Pinctada martensii, and the results are 15N and cobalt elements can be increased with feeding time in the mantle and pearl sac, finally which can be passed to pearl layer.5. Effects of cobalt complex on the activity of akaline phosphatase in oyster pearl. Cobalt complex and cobalt ion on the activity of ALP were determined by nitrophenyl phosphate disodium method. It was found both can active ALP on the mantle of Pinctada martensii, and cobalt ion is more active than cobalt complex. Besides, Cobalt complex and cobalt ion can promote the secretion of nacre. It has important guidance that find a suitable enzyme activator to improve the yield and quality of peals through studying the enzymatic properties of ALP and the depth of the formation mechanisms of pearl.6. Effects of Cobalt complex on the structure of pearl nacre. Pearl cultivated based on cobalt complexe and cobalt ion in algae - oyster pearl - pearl passway, pearl in vitro cobalt complexe and untreated pearl were respectively scanned by electron microscope, and results showed that cobalt complexe have good optimization and modification effect to pearl gloss. The relationshipin between pearl gloss and surface structure of pearl is that the layer structure of pearl surface is more obvious, aragonite crystal shape more regularly arranged, structure more compact, surface defects less, and the better is pearl gloss.
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