Nutritional Value And Physiological Effect Of Solid State Fermented Compound Protein And Its Application In Weaned Piglets

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional value, nutritional physiological effect of solid state fermented compound protein (FCP) and its application in diets for weaned piglets.Experiment 1 Study on nutritional value of FCPThe aim of this study was to compare nutritional value of FCP and non-fermented compound protein (NCP). The digestion trial using difference methods was conducted on the basis of analyzing nutrient and amino acid contents of NCP and FCP. Twenty four PIC barrows (27.74±3.7 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments and individually housed in metabolism crates. Pigs were fed experimental diets which consisted of a nitrogen-free diet, a corn-soybean meal basal diet (crude protein 18%) or the basal diet with FCP or NCP replacing 30% crude protein of the basal diet. Nitrogen-free diet was used to determine endogenous amino acid excretion. All diets contained chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Pigs were acclimatized to their diets for 4 days followed by a continuous 4-day feces-collecting experimental period. At the end of the experiment,5 barrows per treatment were humanely killed to collect the digesta of ileum. The results showed that FCP had a higher vaule of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), true protein (TP), ether extract (EE), amino acids and trichloracetic acid-nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) and a lower value of pH, ADF, NDF, free gossypol and isothiocyanate than NCP. Apparent and true ileal digestibility for most AA was significantly higher in FCP than in NCP (either P<0.05 or P<0.01) except aspartate, glutamic acid and arginine. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients (GE, OM, CP, DM, ADF, NDF) and true total tract digestibility of CP in FCP were significantly higher than that of NCP (P<0.01). In all, nutritive value of FCP was higher than NCP. Experiment 2 Effect of FCP on digestive physiology of pigsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FCP on digestive physiology of pigs. Eighteen 27.7±3.3 kg PIC pigs were randomly allocated into three treatments: basal diet treatment, NCP treatment (inclusion of 13.34%) and FCP treatment (inclusion of 12.04%) with six replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate. All treatment diets were the same as experiment 1. Pigs were housed separately and the experiment lasted for 8 days. At the end of experiment,5 pigs per treatment were humanely killed to collect the digesta of stomach, duodenum, middle part of jejunum, ileum and cecum. The results showed that pepsin activity in stomach, pancreastic protease, pancreastic amylase and pancreatic lipase activity in digesta of small intestine of pigs fed FCP and basal diet were not significantly different (P>0.05) and were higher (either P<0.05 or P<0.01) than that of pigs fed NCP. Volatile fatty acids and ammonia content in cecal digesta of FCP treatment were significantly lower than those of basal diet treatment (P<0.05). Digesta pH in stomach and ileum, volatile fatty acids, total volatile basic nitrogen and ammonia content in cecal digesta were significantly jdecreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in pigs fed FCP compared with pigs fed NCP. Digesta viscosity in stomach was not different between FCP and NCP treatment (P>0.05) and both treatments were significantly higher than basal diet treatment (P<0.05). The results showed that diet including FCP improved digestive physiology of pigs.Experiment 3 Study on application of FCP in diets for weaned pigletsThe experiment was conducted to evaluate whether FCP can replace fish meal and decrease the content of copper, zinc, acidifier and arsanilic acid in diets for weaned piglets. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhea score and skin score of weaned piglets were measured. A total of four hundred 29±2 d weaned PIC piglets were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments in a 24-day experiment. There were 4 replicates per treatment with twenty pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments included:1) corn-soybean basal diet (contained 6% fish meal,8% whey, 0.2% acidifier,0.3% zinc oxide,0.01% arsanilic acid and supplemented with 200mg/kg copper (from CuSO4·5H2O)); 2) FCP was used to replace 6% fish meal in the basal diet; 3) FCP was used to replace 3% fish meal in the basal diet; 4) Diet four was the same as diet three except that the content of whey was 5% and acidifier was not included; 5) Diet five was the same as diet four except that the level of copper was decreased and arsanilic acid and zinc oxide were not included. Digestible energy and true ileal digestible essential AA were equal among diets. The results showed that: ADG and F/G were not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05), basal diet treatment had the best ADG, ADFI and final weight among treatments and ADFI of basal diet treatment was significantly higher than that treatments of FCP replacing 3% fish meal, decrease the whey content and no addition of acidifier (P<0.05); GE, DM, OM, CP and ash digestibilities of basal diet treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments except FCP replacing 3% fish meal treatment (either P<0.05 or P<0.01), GE, DM, OM, CP and ash digestibilities of FCP replacing 3% fish meal treatment were significantly higher than those of FCP replace 6% fish meal treatment (either P<0.05 or P<0.01); Diarrhea and skin scores of FCP replacing 6% fish meal treatment were worst among five treatments. The feed cost per weight gain was lowest in FCP replacing 3% fish meal treatment among all treatments.In all, nutritive value of FCP is higher than NCP. Dietary supplementation of FCP improved digestive physiology and gastrointestinal ecology of pigs; Inclusion of 8.35% FCP in diets of weaned piglets in replacement of 3% fish meal would not impair ADG, nutrient digestibility and would decrease feed cost per weight gain.