Difference Of Nitrogen(Fertilizer) Efficiency, Appraisal And Classification Between Different Wheat Varieties

The experiment under the field condition was established with three treatments of no N (0), constant N (180kg/hm2), high N (300 kg/hm2) . It was researched that the differences of the nitrogen utilization efficiency on 18 typical wheat varieties in the different growth periods, which are being promoted in Henan province. And the 18 typical wheat varieties were classified by the characters of the nitrogen utilization efficiency at the different nitrogen levels. It is useful to select appropriate wheat varieties in similar local agricultural production conditions and supply with scientifical basises for fertilization for different varieties. Meanwhile, the evaluations of breedling wheat nutrition diagnosis were discussed about the nitrogen utilization efficiency. Test results are as follows:1. In this experiment, treatments added nitrogen improved wheat grain yield, aboveground biomass and N uptaking and reduced the nitrogen utilization efficiency, compared with treatments with no nitrogen.With the increasing of fertilization of nutrition the variation coefficients among the nitrogen nutrition characters varieties of wheat had decreasing trends. As fertilization of nitrogen differed, differences existed among varieties of components of the nitrogen utilization efficiency .harvesting index between wheat and nitrogen and the nitrogen utilization efficiency had significant related relationship at least, while nitrogen concentration of grain had negative correlation with that. This showed that harvesting index between wheat and nitrogen and nitrogen concentration of grain resulted in the variety differences of the nitrogen utilization efficiency.2. At the period of seeding stage ,aboveground biomass and total uptaking nitrogen at the levels of nitrogen fertilization showed a significant positive correlation which coefficients were respectively 0.842 ** (N0), 0.955 ** (N1) and 0.893 * * (N2),however,they had no significant levels with the nitrogen utilization efficiency.With no nitrogen fertilization(N0) the uptaking nitrogen of seeding stage had significant positive correlation with the grain production in maturity and nitrogen utilization efficiency,while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of seeding stage had significant negative correlation with them, besides,there was slightly correlation among other traits. At the level of N1,few of traits had significant correlation except for the biomass and uptaking nitrogen of seeding stage and the nitrogen utilization efficiency in maturity. At the level of N2, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of seeding stage had significant negative correlation with the grain production and the uptaking nitrogen in maturity, with no correlation among others. Correlation analysis showed that the relations between the nitrogen uptaking in seedling stage and the nitrogen utilization efficiency in harvesting stage has reached a significant correlation under the treatments of N0 and N1 levels(r0=0.518﹡,r1=0.572﹡). Under the N2 level, the relations had poor correlation (r2=0.243).So did the relations of the nitrogen uptaking between in seedling stage and in harvesting stage. The relations of the nitrogen utilization efficiency in seedling stage, the nitrogen uptaking in harvesting period in N2 level and the nitrogen utilization efficiency in N0 level all had poor correlation. Therefore, Without nitrogen applicationthe nitrogen uptaking and the nitrogen utilization efficiency in Seedling were considered as evaluations for grain yield and the nitrogen utilization efficiency in mature among the referent genotypes. Under normal nitrogen application, ground biomass and N uptaking in Seedling were also considered as evaluations for the nitrogen utilization efficiency in mature. Under the high nitrogen application, the nitrogen utilization efficiency in Seedling was acted as evaluation for grain yield and N uptaking in mature.3. The classifications of varieties were made by indicators of maturity, grain yield, nitrogen uptake and the nitrogen utilization efficiency. In the N0 levels, Bainong3217 grain yield is high, and it had high nitrogen uptaking, the lower nitrogen utilization efficiency .It is the best choice at the conditions of the lower soil fertility levels and the lower nitrogen supplying. ; Yumai 49,Aikang 58, Yumai 34 have common characters including a high grain yield, low nitrogen uptaking and high nitrogen utilization efficiency.They can be exploited as genetic resources to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. In the N1 level, Aikang 58 had several characters such like the high grain yield,the high nitrogen uptaking and nitrogen utilization efficiency. It should be strongly promoted for its best comprehensive properties. Aifeng 3 and Yanzhan 4110 had a series properties of lower grain yield, lower nitrogen uptaking , lower nitrogen utilization efficiency and worse comprehensive properties .They were being gived up in our field production,yet could be conserved as seeding resources. In the N2 level, Yumai 34, Yumai 49, Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 18 with higher grain yield, higher nitrogen uptaking, higher nitrogen utilization efficiency should be gived priority to select at the high levels of nitrogen application. Meanwhile Yunong 202 and Xinmai 18 also had some properties of higher grain yield, higher nitrogen uptaking, higher nitrogen utilization efficiency.4. Tested varieties were classified by the indexes of grain yield without fertilization of nitrogen and agronomy efficiency with fertilization of nitrogen. Variety of"Aikang"58 was high- agronomy efficiency and high- grain yield both in the N1 level and N2 level , which illustrated that this kind of variety always maintained higher-nitrogen fertilizer agronomy efficiency and belonged to the type of high efficiency and the strong response to nitrogen fertilizer. Variety of"Bainong"3217 was low -agronomy efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer but high-grain yield compared with that in N2 level. So the conclusion could be drew that the nitrogen fertilizer agronomy efficiency of"Bainong"3217 was influenced greatly by the amount of fertilization of nitrogen.