| Objective To study microanatomy of the superior orbital flssure(SOF) region and its adjacent structures, in order to provide anatomical basis for the operation of the SOF region. Methods (1)The corrosion cast specimens of the SOF in 4 fetus were observed; (2)The serial thin sections of the SOF which embedded with celloidin were observed; (3)Osseous structures of the SOF were observed and measured in 30 skull under macro-microscopy;(4)The structures passing the SOF, the orbital venous drainage into the anterior cavernous sinus space, the ophthalmic artery and its branches, optic canal, the lateral wall of the ethmoid, the ciliary ganglion and the sinus spehenopariethalis were observed and measured in 36 sides of adult cadaveric heads under microscopy. Results (1)The SOF was a triangular cleft and the length of the superior side, the lateral side and the medial side of the SOF were 17.65±1.68mm,18.79±2.96mm,8.12 ± 1.59mm respectively; (2)The SOF was divided into three areas by the annular tendon. The lateral area was passed by the trochlear, frontal and lacrimal nerves and the superior ophthalmic vein. The central area transmit the superior and inferior of divisions of the oculomotor nerve, the abducens and nasociliary nerves and the sensory and sympathetic roots of the ciliary ganglion. The inferior area was passed by the inferior ophthalmic vein; (3)The distance between the frontal and trochlear nerves in the cranial orifice of lateral area was 2.46 ±0.59mm, The distance between the abducens and nasociliary nerves in the cranial orifice of central area was 1.96 +0.72mm, the smallest distance between the abducens nerves of the lateral area and the optic canal was 9.32 ±0.85mm in the section of the SOF;(4)The superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic always fused together to form a common venous confluence approximately 4.35-4.97mm in length. The common venous confluence entered the anterior cavernous sinusspace in its anterior or anterioinferior aspect;(5)94.4% ophthalmic artery arose from the interna carotid artery, 5.6% ophthalmic artery arose from both the internal carotid and middle menigeal artery, The main branches of ophthalmic artery included posterior ciliary artery, central retinal artery, lacrimal artery, anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery;(6)Ciliary ganglion was suited between optic nerve and lateral rectus. The shapes of ciliary ganglion was rectangle, oval or triangle respectively. The distance from ciliary ganglion to the posterior wall of eyeball, inferior edge of orbit, optic nerve and superior orbital fissure were measures respectively;(7)The length of the optic canal, the height and transverse dimension of both openings, and the thickness of the canal wall were measured. The relationship of adjacent structures of the optic canal was observed;(8)The distances from Dacryon point to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen and optic formen were 21.45 ± 2.54mm,34.23±2.90mm, 39.25 ± 1.53mm respectively. Conclusions (1)The issues in this region are fragile, compact, and easy to be injured. It will be good that the operation in this region be fulfilled under microscope;(2)The serial thin section of the SOF has special advantage over other methods in measuring the irregular structure and is helpful for surgical operation in this region;(3)It can be performed cavernous sinus embolism through SOF;(4)Ophthalmic artery and its branches can be protected in operation if we are familiar with the microanatomy of ophthalmic artery;(5)The injection depth should be 32~36mm for retrobulabar anesthesia;(6)The bulges of optic nerve canal could be thought as an important landmark; (7) It was important to find ethmoidal artery in operation of ethmoidal sinus and optic canal decompression.
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