| In recent years, with the development of neuroendoscope, it was increasingly used in neurosurgical operations. But for the absence of itself, the neuroendoscope was usually used in diagnoses and treatments in skull-basic diseases and in ventricular disorders. In order to promoting the using of neuroendoscope in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors and surgical treatments for ventricular diseases, the endoscopic anatomical study of endonasal transsphenoidal approach and of lateral ventricle and third ventricle was performed.Objective: By measuring and observing the anatomical structures in national adult cadaveric heads, the endoscopic anatomical basis for performing ventricular and selar operations, which could guide the choice of ventricular operative approaches and extend the using field of endoscope, was provided.Methods: The anatomical structures and landmarks of 21 adult cadaveric heads, which were relative to endoscopic surgery in endonasal transsphenoidal approach, in transfrontal horn lateral ventricular approach, in transoccipital horn lateral ventricular approach and in third ventricular approach, were observed and measured. The anatomical structures in different approaches of 9 fresh adult cadaveric heads were observed under the operating endoscope, respectively.Results:1, The distance from frontal horn and lower frontal hom to interventricular foreman(monro) were (30.5±2.4) mm and (9.9±2.1) mm. The width, the height of medial wall and lateral wall of lateral ventricle at frontal hom were (18.7±3.1) mm, (15.1±3.5)mm, (24.0±4.6)mm,respectively, and the same diameter at midpoint of the body and at the point of monro of lateral ventricle were (12.1±1.7) mm, (8.9±1.30)mm, (15.2±1.6)mmand (16.0±1.8)mm, (14.0±1.9)mm, (23.l±2.5)mm. The distance fromoccipital horn to frontal hoiru temporal horn and interventricular foreman(monro) were (86.0±6.9) mm, (59.5±6.7) mm and( 57.3±5.4)mm5respectrvely. The distance from the globe of choroids plexus to interventricular foreman was (40.5±2.3)mm. The height of arcuate bulge of lateral ventricular bottom between the globe of choroids plexus and interventricular foreman was (9.9±1.6)mm. The utmost width in trigone was( 9.1±2.1)mm.The width at the boundary of trigone to the body of lateral ventricle was (8.5±2.0)mmj and the same diameter at the boundary of trigone to the temporal part of lateral ventricle was(9.3±1.8)mm. The distances from cortex-punctured point to later ventricle and monro foreman in supraeyebrow approach were (29.5±2.5)mm and (55.3±2.6)mm; and the same diameter were (28.4±2.8) mm and (54.4±3.0)mm in forecoronale approach.2, The sagittal and transverse diameter of interventricular foreman were (5.4 1.2)mm and (2.7 0.9) mm.The sagittal and transverse diameter of interthalamic adhesion were (6.8 2.3)mm and (3.8 1.0)mm. The distance from anterior commissure to posterior commissure and interthalamic adhesion were( 21.8 2. l)mm and (6.3?.8)mm, The distance from posterior commissure to interthalamic adhesion was( 8.8 1.3)mm The height of third ventricle at the midpoint of anterior-posterior commissural line was (13.8 1.4)mm. The widths of third ventricle under interventricular foreman before posterior commissures upon interthalamic adhesion and under interthalamic adhesion were (6.3?.2)mm (4.9 1.8)mm (3.4 1.6) mm (4.3 1.8)mm respectively. The minimum height superior and inferior interthalamic adhesion were (4.4 1.3)mm and(4.3 1.3)mm.3, The distance from the base of columella to the ostia of sphenoidal sinus was(65.3 + 3.1) nun , The distance from the base of nasus to the ostia of sphenoidal sinus was(45.4 2.4)mm , The distance from the ostia of sphenoidal sinus to the roof of the sphenoethmoid concavity was (7.1 + 3.4)mm The distance from the root of sellar area downward to line through the base of columella and middle turbinate was(12.1 2.0)mm, The sagittal diameter of the ostia of sphenoidal sinus was(3.3 1.5)mm The transverse diameter of the ostia of sphenoi...
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