| Traumatic brain injury and its sequelae are one of the harmful factors to human health, The handicaps of learning and memory after traumatic brain injury have the most common and permanent affluence to people. Inspite of the hard work of generations of neurological workers , the problem that make them feel awkward for a long period hasn't been well-settled. The restoration of nervous systemic damage has always been the basic and primary problem. How to decrease the consequence and complications to the lowest degree has always been the working direction of neurological workers . The discovery of NSC is the most important development of neurobiology in the end of 20th century. Neural stem cell (NSC), a type of stem cells, is capable of self-renewal which may be maintained for life-long, proliferation and differentiation like all other stem cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that NSC is characteristic to differentiate into three main kinds of central nervous system cells: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Recent research indicates that the nervous system damage has the restorative potentials, because NSCs in vivo can develop into terminal neural cells , replace damage tissue , rebuild neural cycle and restore functions. At the same time, some research showed that the implanted NSCs can secret neuralgrowth factors to promote and sustain regeneration of intrinsic NSCs . So interfering with and regulating NSCs to make them continue proliferating or differentiating ; or NSCs transplantation to promote restoration of neural systemic damage is the most advanced and effective method to treat nervous system damage nowadays . By setting up the model of Traumatic brain injury in rats, NSCs are cultured, proliferated and marked in vitro then implanted into the injuried brains. The survival, migration, integration and differentiation of the implanted NSCs were monitored in experiment. Implanted NSCs are observed and inspected differentiation by immunohistochemistry. The effect of traumatic brain injury cured by NSCs is evaluated by behavioral score and study and memory ability. This experiment is a good evaluation to traumatic brain injury cured by NSCs and make for applying and extending NSCs; furthermore, it will become a good model for human stem cells study.Methods: The tissues were obtained from ventricular zone/subventricular zone, (VZ/SVZ) of 10w human embryon and dismissed with a polish-paster pipe. NSCs were identified with Nestin by immunohistochemistry . NSCs were labeled 30 min with fluorescein Hoechst33258 before transplantation .The traumatic brain injury models of rats were established by applying a free-falling device hitting the rats' heads directly. : A total of 90 adult healthy wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Sham, TBI, TBI+NS, each group has 21 . TBI+NSCs has 27. Four groups were evaluated by behavior in 2d and 7d after transplantation, detected study and memory ability by Y-maze in 2w and 4w after transplantation. Survival cells were observed by fluorescent microscope in 2d and 7d after transplantation. Necrotic neurons of injuried zone were counted in HE slice. GFAP NSE were tested according to immunocytocheinistry method in 2w and 4w after transplantation.Results: After 8-10 days of culture, cells turned to be hundreds of suspended spherical clone, identified positive by immunohistochemistry Nestin . When frozen slices of 2d after transplantation were observed by fluorescent microscope , we found that marked NSCs giving out blue-white lights , neural spheres were clear , the morphology was intact and cells were spreading along the two sides of needle canal . The nearer to canal, the denser to spread . When frozen slices of 7d were observed, we found the distribution of cells near canal was sparser than that of 2d. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) between TBI+NS group and TBI+NSCs group in the score of rats behaviors on 2d after transplantation. But there was significant difference (P>0.05) between and TBI+NSCs group in the score of rats behaviors on 7d a...
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