| Objective: Peripherial nerve entrapment have long been a common clinical problem. With the development of micro-surgical technique,the reparation and regeneration of peri-pherial nerve after peripherial nerve entrapment are perfect increasingly. However, the functional recovery of compressed nerve is unsatisfactory up to the present, for peripheral nerve regeneration involves a complex process of biochemical and cellular events and microenvironment of the regenerating nerve influences its repairing results very much. Recent years, convalescence medicine has developed quickly and many studies about treating diseases with physical factors have been attracted attentions of many researchers and clinical workers. Tian de-hu treated patients with flexor tendons injury after repairing and patients with peripheral nerve diseases of diabetes by decimeter wave, he found that decimeter wave could accelerate tendon intrinsic healing and inhibit extrinsic healing after tendon repairing and then reduce tendon adhesion. He also deduced that decimeter wave could improve local blood circulation of the repairing site, alleviate hypoxia of re-generating nerves and increase the expression of immunologic reaction to S-100 protein in Schwann cell. In order to investigate the mechanism of decimeter wave effects in promoting peri-pheral never reparation and regeneration, and then to provide theoretical basis for clinical applications, it was performed by anatomical, light and electron microscopic observations, morphometric analysis, electrophysiological assessment and immunochemical staining in Mackinnon's model of SD rats. Methods: 90 SD rats (200-250g) were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A, the decimeter wave treated group and group B, the operative control group. After anesthetized, the right sciatic nerve was compressed by a silicone tube to form a model of Mackinnon. Then the rats of group A were fixed on a table prostrated and the right posterior thigh were exposed to decimeter wave every day from 1 day postoperation to the sacrifice day. The rats of group B were also fixed on a table prostrated at same time, but were not exposed to decimeter wave. At the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week postoperation, the samples were observed by anatomical, light and electron microscope observation, morphometric analysis and S-100 protein immunochemical staining. At the 12th week postoperation, electrophysiological assessment was conducted to measure the latency, nerve conduction velocity and amplitude of compound muscle action potentials. At the 10th day before operation and at different times postoperation, the SFI index were analyzed. All dates were analyzed statistically. The results were as follow: Results: 1 The anatomical and light microscope observation: At the 1stweek postoperation, the nerves of group A were less congestive and edematous than that of group B. At the 2nd week postoperation, more inflammatory infiltration and several macropolycytes were observed at the repairing site of sciatic nerve of group B. The inflammatory infiltration was located at the outer layer of the epineurium of group A. At the 4th week postoperation, few inflammatory infiltration were observed within repaired nerves and the adhesion around nerves were looser and more limited in group A compared with group B. Some axons grew through distal nerve in both two groups. More regenerating axons and myeline sheath formation were observed and structure of nerve fiber bundles were formed in the nerve trunks in group A. At the 8th week postoperation, adhesion around nerves were much looser, the regenerating axons were denser, axons diameters were larger in group A than that in group B. At the 12th week postoperation, the regenerating axons were much denser, thicker and had more regular distribution. The regenerating axons were thinner and distributed irregularly in group B. 2 The electron microscope observation: At the 2nd week postoperation, many regenerating axonal sprouts were observed, the regenerating axonal sprouts contained mitochondria, vesicles, neurofil...
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