The Effect Of Titanium-ion Implantation On The Physicochemical And Biological Properties Of Stainless Steel As Biomedical Material

Objective: To study the effect of Ti-ion implantation of thephysicochemical and biological properties of stainless steel asbiomedical material. To determine the effects of Ti-ionimplantation on physicochemical (Elastic and Nano hardness).Methods: 1 materials treament: stainless steel asbiomedical material were manufactured into 20.0×8.0 mmcolumn, stainless steel as biomedical material weremanufactured into 20.0×8.0 mm column, then implant Ti-ionput into its surface (45KV pressure and 3×10₁₇ hydronium/cm2dose), pure titanium implants materials were manufactured into20.0×8.0 mm column; the number of each group was four.Stainless steel as biomedical material were manufacture into 1.5×7.0 mm column, stainless steel as biomedical material weremanufacture into 1.5×7.0 mm column, then implant Ti-ion putinto its surface (45 KV pressure and 3×10¹⁷ hydronium/cm2dose), pure titanium implants materials were manufactured into1.5×7.0 mm column; the number of each group was eighteen.There were three groups of implants: stainless steel asbiomedical material (SS); pure titanium (Ti) and stainless steelwith the titanium-ion implantation (SSTi). There were 18implants of each groups. 2 Mechanics measurements: testingthe Nano hardness and elastic of the sample of three groups(20.0×8.0 mm) (SS, Ti, SSTi). Indentation simple: maximalload: 20 mN; loading rate: 40 mN/min; unloading rate: 40mN/min. 3 Biological test: Twenty-seven health male pure NewZealand white rabbits with the age of 4 month. Implant the threekind of implants (1.5×7.0 mm) (SS, Ti, SSTi) into left and rightside of the rabbit tibiae, which the total number was 54. Eachgroup (SS, Ti, SSTi) was 18. In each group, 3 rabbits weresacrificed in 4, 8 and 10 weeks after the surgy at random. Takingout the rabbit tibiae with implants and putting them into 10%formaldehyde amortized liquor with one-week stay. Then HEsection stain slice, which can be used for the histologicalexamination and bone histomorphometric, can be made bydisolved calcium with 5% nitric acid liquor and dehydratingwith grads alcohol.Results: 1 Mechanics measurement: The Vhardness (Hv)and Hardness (H) in group SS and SSTi were significantlyincreased compared with group Ti (P<0.05). There were nosignificantly difference in Vhardness (Hv), Hardness (H) andElastic Modulus (E) among group SS and group SSTi. TheElastic Modulus in group SSTi and group SS were significantlyincreased compared with group Ti (P<0.05). 2 Grossobservation: There was no rabbit that was infected and deadafter the operation, there was no apparent rust eroded during theperiod of observation in group SSTi and Ti, there were externalrust eroded spot on some SS implants during different periods ofobservation. The implant in the samples that were independentof body in different periods have not moved and the sound ofknocking was clear. 3 The result of light microsopy showed asfollow: 4 weeks after the operation, group SS: there were nolamella bone around implants and bone interface, but there werefibre on implants and bone interface. Group Ti : there were athin lamella bone continuity. The section of bone made withskin was made of woven bone, in which there were a smallquantity of osteocyte and Haverssian system. There were asmall quantity of osteoblast that were arranged in order in thesection. Group SSTi there were a few thin lamella bonediscontinuity on implants and bone interface. 8 weeks after theoperation, group SS : there were little discontinuity lamella bonearound implants and bone interface. Group Ti : The lamellabone was thick. There were more osteoblast that were arrangedin cancellous. Meanwhile, osteoblast habitat forms largenumbers of lamellar. The Haverssian system in the combinationof bone and board grows mature and more. Group SSTi : thelamella bone was formed and almost all around the implantantrum had form the lamellar. 10 weeks after the operation, theexhibition with light microscopy in group SS was the same asthe one for 8 weeks after the operation generally. Group Ti: theimplants and bone interface can be seen clearly and osteoblast inthe bone interface which come into bone board with ring shape.The combinded bone lamella was thicker and continuity wasbetter. Trabecular around the combination of bone board inskinniness area were incorporated into one generally, but at thistime the rib had not been calcified completely. The bone units,which were rebuilt and go complete, appear usually. GroupSSTi : the lamella bone was formed and it was continuity, thickand smooth. 4 The results of bone histomorphometry were asfollowed: 4 weeks after the operation, the contact length fraction(CLF%) in cortical bone area, CLF% in cancellous bone area,Osteocytes Density (OD.N/mm² ) in implantation area in groupSS were negative. The contact length fraction (CLF%) incortical bone area, CLF% in cancellous bone area, OsteocytesDensity (OD.N/mm²) in implantation area in group SSTi wereno significant difference compared with Ti (P>0.05). OsteocytesDensity in non implantation area (NOD.N/mm² ) were nosignificantly difference in each groups. 8 weeks after theoperation, the contact length fraction (CLF%) in cortical bonearea, CLF% in cancellous bone area Osteocytes Density(OD.N/mm2) in implantation area in group SS were significantlydecreased compared with both group SSTi and Ti (P<0.05), Thecontact length fraction (CLF%) in cortical bone area, CLF% incancellous bone area, Osteocytes Density (OD.N/mm² ) inimplantation area in group SSTi were no significant differencecompared with Ti (P>0.05). Osteocytes Density in nonimplantation area (NOD.N/mm2) were no significantlydifference in each groups. 10 weeks after the operation, thecontact length fraction (CLF%) in cortical bone area, CLF% in...