Effects Of Electromagnetic Radiation Of Cellular Telephone On Reproductive Function Of Mice

Part I Effects of electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone onreproductive function in male miceObjective: To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone on reproductive function in male mice.Method: Mice were exposed to electromagnetic fields with frequency of 935 MHz and power density of 0μW/cm~2,570μW/cm~2,1400μW/cm~2 2h everyday for 35 days. By the end of five weeks the mice were sacrificed, the testes and epididymis were viscerated and weighed. The activities of lactic dehydrogenase-x isozyme(LDH-X)in testes were detected by automatic analyzer of biochemistry. And the quantity, motility and morphology of sperm in epididymis were analysed . Testicular histology and ultrastructure were observed by light and electron microscope respectively.Results: (1) Activity of LDH-X: The activity of LDH-X in the 1400μW/cm~2 radiation group was (338.143±73.348)U/g , which was significantly lower than those in the 570μW/cm~2 radiation group[(401.780±50.919)U/g] and the control[(408.449± 71.325)U/g](P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the 570μW/cm~2 radiation group and the control(P>0.05). (2) Normal analysis of sperm: The rate of sperm motility in the 1400μW/cm~2 radiation group was (40.818±4.729)%, which was significant difference compared with the control [(47.667 ± 6.964)%] (P<0.05). The difference was not statistically significant between the 570μW/cm~2 radiation group [(44.800 ± 6.102)%] and the control(P>0.05). The quantity and abnormality rates of sperm had no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05). (3) Histology and ultrastructure: In the three groups, no marked histopathological changes in testes were observed. The mitochondria ultrastructure of sperm in tails in the1400μW/cm~2 radiation group changed, including partly swelling,crisae reduction and focal cavitation, while the ultrastructure in the 570uW/cm2 radiation group had no obvious changesConclusions: Under this experimental condition, electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone at power density of 1400uW/cm2 reduced the activity of LDH-X and the rate of sperm motility , and changed the mitochondria ultrastructure of sperm in tails, which clewed that electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone in a certain power density might influence reproductive function in male mice, the mechanism was probably that the radiation could influence mitochondrion and interfer with energy metabolism.Partll Effects of electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone on reproductive endocrine function in female miceObjective: To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone on reproductive endocrine function in nonpregnant mice.Method: Mice were exposed to electromagnetic fields with frequency of 935 MHz and power density of 0uW/cm2,570uW/cnr\ 1400uW/cm2 2h everyday for 35 days . After radiation estrous cycle were observed by vaginal smear, the blood were collected in the estruation, and the sex hormone in serum, including estrogen (E2X follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) were detected. And histoloy and ultrastructure of ovary were observed by light and electron microscope respectively.Results: (1) The level of hormone in serum: The level of E2 in the control was (2.206+0.516)pg/ml, the 570uW/cm2 radiation group was (2.881 ±0.935)pg/ml, the 1400uW/cm2 radiation group was (3.039 ± 0.857)pg/ml. The difference was not statistically significant among the three groups(/> >0.05). The level of FSH in thecontrol was (7.219+1.292) IU/L , the 570nW/cm2 radiation group was (7.516 + 1.163)IU/L, the 1400uW/cm2 radiation group was (7.333 +1.748)IU/L. The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The level of LH in the control was (1.959 + 0.554)IU/L , the 570uW/cm2 radiation group was (1.646 + 0.535)IU/L, the 1400uW/cm2 radiation group was (2.322+ 0.395)IU/L. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). (2)Estrous cycle : The estrous cycle in the control, the 570uW/cm2 group and the 1400uW/cm 2 group was (5.89 + 1.05)d, (6.33 + 0.87)d, (6.10 + 1.37)d respectively; and the estimation was (2.22 + 0.44)d, (2.33 + 0.50)d, (2.50 + 0.53)d respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). (3) Histoloy and ultrastructiire: The histoloy and ultrastructiire of ovary in the 570 radiation uW/cm2 group and thel400uW/cm radiation group had no obvious changes.Conclusions: Under this experimental condition, electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone at power density of 570uW/cm2 and 1400uW/cm2 will not change the level of hormone, the estrous cycle, or the histoloy and ultrastructure of ovary .