Investigation Of The Cell Immunity Function In Tuberculosis Patients

Background and Objective of the InvestigationTuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases, but at that time for the restrict of medical technology, we couldn't understand it, and also couldn't treat it. So it prevailed several times in the world, and it caused millions of people to death, and was regarded as incurable. Until the 60s, for the application of Isoniazidum Rifampicim, Tuberculosis's epidemic situation decreased.It was also founded that the people who contact with the TB patients not always infect with Tuberculosis, but at that time, there has not a general explanation of the occur and the development of it.In the recent decades, for the development of the medical technique especially of the Immunology, we have known of the react of the body to M. Tuberculosis, Dannenberg etc classify the reaction of body to the infectious of M. Tuberculosis to 4 phases: origination phase T cell reaction phase intergrowth and the multiplication and sowed out of the cell, the reaction of body to M. Tuberculosis would be completed by the immunity in various aspect.1. Origination: it was the first phase of the natural killer to lick up the M. Tuberculosis. When M. Tuberculosis invaded the respiratory channels, if it was killed before the bacillus multiplication and the reaction of the host cell, it would leave no evidence, but if the bacteria alive and duplicate in the alveolus NK cell, it would diffuse to the neighborhood NK cell which was not enabled, formed forepart infectious part.2. T cell reaction part phase: effective defend of T cell reaction was needed for M. Tuberculosis, the CD8~+ T cell played the main function of matrix toxin, Cell mediated immunity (CMI) and delay type hypersensitivity (DTH) mediated by T lymphocyte was formed in this phase, it would affect the taken bad outcome and lapse of M. Tuberculosis in the clinical aspect.3. Intergrowth phase: The host has the immune reaction, but the M. Tuberculosis could alive, and there was no clinical symptom. In certain condition, The M. Tuberculosis could have a large quality duplicated and come on.4. Intergrowth and the multiplication and sowed out of the cell: In the solid range, there has the M. Tuberculosis which could growth but not duplicate, once it was liquefied, it would given the bacillus a perfect circumstance to multiplication, the numerous of the M. Tuberculosis released from the range could break through the local immune defense and caused broadcast.The aim of this research is to reveal the immune function of the T lymphocyte in patients with Tuberculosis, so as to probe into a new road to the treatment n prevent the TB for the future. Objectives and Methods1. Objectives: All of the objectives were the patients in the Shandong provincial chest hospital, the total number is 53 cases, the age is from 8 to 85, 36 cases are male and 17 cases are female. According the patients' symptoms > history of the disease > sputum smear record and sputum culture n the drug sensitivity, divided them to 5 groups, initial treatment lung tuberculosis group -. re-treatment lung tuberculosis group -> drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis re-treatment cases group > extra-pulmonary tuberculosis group and non-M. Tuberculosis group. And we detected 2 cases for several times, which were treated ever but was not cured.2. Methods: Take 2 ml blood and anti-curdle with EDTA-K2, joined hemolysin to dissolve the red cell, then detect the amount of CD4\ CD3\CD8+ and NK cell, statistic with SPSS 10.0 to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, analysis the difference of the ingredient in different group.Result:1. There is obviously difference of CD3+ between the initial treatment lung tuberculosis group > re-treatment lung tuberculosis group in control group.2. There is obviously difference of CD4+ between the initial treatment lung tuberculosis group in control group, and there is no difference in re-treatment lung tuberculosis group and control group.3. There is no difference of CD8+ in initial treatment lung tuberculosis group and control group, but there has difference between re-treatment lung tuberculosis group and control group.4. There is obviously difference of CD4+/CD8+ between all of the group.5. There is no difference of NK cell between all groups.6. In the cases which were repeatedly detected, there is a tendency to increase of CD4+, and decrease of CD8+.Conclusion:1. The reduce of CD3+> CD4+ in the early of the disease, due to the normal chemical therapy, it will back to the normal level, and CD8+ will also decrease to normal.2. There has no difference of NK cell in all groups, it was shown that NK cell should play a key role in the process of the cell immunity of the body.3. The entire ingredient in the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis group has no difference with control group, it maybe due to the concealed infection of the M. Tuberculosis.