The Synthesis Of Antipsychotic Drug-Ziprasidone

Schizophrenia is a relatively common form of mental illness resulting in disturbances in thinking, perception, affect and volition. Schizophrenia has brought great pains the patients. Now there are approximately 1% persons among the total population of the world who are suffering from schizophrenia, most of them are 15-45 years old. The aetiology of schizophrenia remains largely unknown, but the most widely believed current theory is that it is due to a functional excess of dopamine in the brain.In 1952, the first antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine was discovered, soon after that many new antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol, trifluoperazine and loxapine emerged. They were called as typical antipsychotic drugs. The mainstay of drug treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were from their discovery. Their mechanism of action was to block the dopamine D₂ receptor in limbic system and striatum. But side-effects due to non-selective dopamine D₂ receptor blockade are common. The extrapyramidal side effect (EPS), hyperprolactinemia and cognitive symptoms may affect compliance. The typical antipsychotic drugs had no efficacy to 15-30% patients, and no obviously efficacy to negative...