Monte Carlo Simulation For The Brachytherapy Dose Calculation Of New Seed Source

The word brachytherapy is derived from the Greek word "brachios" meaning short and refers to the therapeutic use of encapsulated radionuclide within or close to a tumor. The history of brachytherapy is nearly as old as the history of radioactivity itself. Already in 1901, Pierre Curie suggested to Dr A. Danlos in Paris that a small radium tube be inserted into a tumor thus heralding the birth of brachytherapy. Then Sources of ¹⁹⁸Au, ⁶⁰Co, ³²P, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹⁹²Ir were introduced in succession and also two of the isotopes that concerns us, ¹²⁵I seeds in 1972 and ¹⁰³Pd in 1986 were introduced, as new low energy photon emitting isotopes permanently implantable radioisotope for use in brachytherapy. The use of isotopes ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd for the treatment of prostate, eye and breast, has significantly increased during the last few years. The average photon energy of about 30 keV for ¹²⁵I and of about 20 keV for ¹⁰³Pd allows a more rapid decrease in dose with distance than with other isotopes such as ¹³⁷Cs or ¹⁹²Ir. The advantage of low energy is the ease of radioprotection for medical workers and the confined volume of radiation dose from the implant that minimizes the dose to surrounding healthy tissues. In addition, the short half-lives, 60days for ¹²⁵I for 17 days ¹⁰³Pd, allow the seeds to be used in permanent implants. The treatment of prostate tumor with ¹²⁵I has become one of the standard modalities in the United States and is presently gaining popularity in Europe. While in our country, this basic research is in the beginning. It is evident that we have large disparity compared to these countries in emitting isotopes Brachytherapy.This work is dedicated to the study of low energy photons emitted by ¹⁰³Pd and ¹²⁵I seeds, simulated by Monte Carlo method which is considered to be a faithful simulation of physical reality and some of its mainly writing skills are described detailedly in this thesis. The first part...