Atrial fibrillation is the most common continual arrhythmia in clinic. Its morbidity will be obviously higher as age grows and it doubled every 10 years. In 50s, it is about 0. 9% and up to 10% in those people above the age of 80. AF can lead to changes of cardiac electrophysiological function and these changes conduce to the onset and maintenance of AF. This course is called cardiac electrical remodeling, the abbreviation is ER. The main symptoms of ER are the decrease of atrial effective refractory period (AERP), the decrease of atrial effective refractory period frequence adaptability and increase of dispersion of effective refractory.Almost all the abnormal electrial activity of paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation occur at pulmonary veins and especially at left superior pulmonary vein. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation most happens to those...
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