| Backgrounds and aimsThe pathologic diagnosis of lymphoma is one of the difficulties in clinical pathology, and often need to draw support of the other techniques, such as IHC and gene rearrangement detection. In most patients with suspected highly activated lymphoid tissues, histomorphology or cytomorphology supplemented with immunohistology or flow cytometric immunophenotyping can distinguish them from malignant lymphomas. However, about 5 15% of all the cases are more complex and the above-mentioned methods are not enough to discern. The diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies can be supported by clonality assessment based on the fact that, in principle, all cells of a malignancy have a common clonal origin.The majority of lymphoid malignancies belong to the B-cell lineage (90%). With its simplicity, high efficiency, low cost and wide fitness, techniques based on PCR are more and more regarded in the study of lymphoma gene rearrangements. Though lots of investigations have been carried out, the patterns applied in different literatures, including primers, PCR conditions and the ways in PCR products analysis were inconsistent, resulting the diverse outcomes. Due to the highly difficult in introducing a suitable and standard process into the routine clinical pathological diagnosis, it becomes the major obstacle to use PCR technique as a routine. Multiplex PCR assays of BIOMED-2 study have been developed and standardized for the detection of clonally rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig), T cell receptor (TCR) genes and the chromosome aberrations t(11;14) and t(14;18). To improve the detection efficiencies, several aspects have been investigated, including primer analysis and design for Immunoglobulin Heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements, optimizing conditions for these primers and for the DNA extraction from peripheral blood and detecting rates of IgH gene rearrangements among different diseases. All the endeavors focused on the...
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