| In the 21st century, the morbidity and mortality of tumor keep on rising. Tumors have been one of the biggest threaten for human health. With the development of the oncology and clinical research, the specialists on the oncology are searching new theory, new technology, new methods and medicine. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a large cell membrane glycoprotein, which is produced in a high proportion of human tumors. It is a well known tumor associated antigen and tumor marker. The human CEA gene is located on chromosome 19q13.1-13.2, which contains nine exons, eight introns and belongs to the immunoglubulin (Ig) superfamily . CEA is a 180,000 glycoprotein , 40% of it is protein, 60% is carbohydrate. CEA have nine antigen determinants and is metabolized by liver. CEA is present in fetal gut and some tissues. Although CEA is also found in normal body fluids and colonic mucosa of adults, the CEA concentration is very low. While CEA concentration in tumor cases is average significantly higher. So CEA is a tumor marker of wide clinical use and a widely employed parameter for monitoring cancer patients following treatment.Gold and Freedman first described the tumor associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen in human colon cancer tissue extracts. Over-expression of CEA is in some adenocarcinomas. Cancers associated CEA such as colorectal carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, mammary cancer and gastric carcinoma are large proportion in the mortality of tumors. The sensitivity of CEA is different in every phage in colorectal carcinoma, but it can achieve 40%~50% (specificity 95%) at large.
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