| Objective Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is still one of the main complications of obstetrics which endangers the life safety of mother and infant ,but the mechanism is not clear now.After the study of this disease in the recent years, people have got to know that many factors have lead to the result of it and the basic pathological change is generalized spasm of arteriolae, leading to metabolic and oxygen deficiency of tissues. Therefore obstructing its generation and development has become the hot spot of researches in the recent years .The researches have proved that hypoxia inducible factor adjusts the invasion and differentiation process of trophoblastic cells; vascular endothelial growth fact is the main factor which promote the growth of blood vessels when there is no enough blood and oxygen . Hypoxia can make its expression high. The purpose of this study is to discuss the expressions of VEGF /HIF-1αprotein in the placenta tissues of normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and eclampsia patients and its relationship with the microvascular density by the immunohistochemistry methods as well as to explore the vasculopathy pathogenesis of hypertensive disorder complicatingpregnancy.It may help us to determine the etiology and to defend and treat the disease.Method: Placental tissue samples were collected from 120 pregnant women who were in the Second Hospital of Jilin University (2003--2004).Among them,there are 90 hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy patients and 30 healthy pregnant women as a control group . Getting full-thickness placenta tissue(the size is about 1.0cm×1.0cm×1.0cm)when the placenta were expulsed .Fix them in 4%neutral formalin paraffin imbedding. Imbed with paraffin .Chip them consecutively in the size 4μmthick .Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expresstion of VEGF and HIF-1αprotein and to count MVD in the placenta tissue .Use software SPSS11.5 to analyze the results of immunohistochemistry. Measurement data is expressed with (x±s)and use variance analysis. Numeration data useχ~2 test .Dependability analysis use spearman's test(P< 0.05 is the significance standard ).Results: 1. VEGF and HIF-1αare expressed with one accord in the placenta tissues of two groups. VEGF protein was mainly in trophoblast, next in endothelial cell of capillaryand also could be observed in stroma. HIF-1αwas mainly distributed in trophoblast and there is a few positive cell also could be observed in strom.2. The expression of VEGF in patients with mild preeclampsia were significantly reduced than those in normal pregnant women(P<0.05). The expression in patients with severe preeclampsia were significantly reduced than those patients with mild preeclampsia (P < 0.05).The expression was decreased with progress of pre-eclampsia .There were no significantdifferential between pre-eclanpsia and eclampsia group.3.The expression of HIF-1αin patients with mild preeclampsia were significantly increased than those in normal pregnant women(P<0.05). The expression was increased with progress of pre-eclampsia . The expression of in patients with severe preeclampsia were significantly increased than those patients with mild preeclampsia (P<0.05).There were no significantdifferential between pre-eclanpsia and eclampsia group.4. The MVD in patients with mild preeclampsia were significantly reduced than those in normal pregnant women(P<0.05). The expression inpatients with severe preeclampsia were significantly reduced than those patients with mild preeclampsia (P<0.05).The expression was decreased with progress of pre-eclampsia .There were no significantdifferential between pre-eclanpsia and eclampsia group.5. In the placenta tissue of patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia ,there is negative correlation relationship between HIF-1αand VEGF, negative correlation relationship between HIF-1αand MVD , positive correlation relationship between VEGF and MVD.conclusion:1. The distribution of HIF-1αand VEGF in normal placenta tissues suggested that they play important roles in placental physiology throughout healthy pregnancy.2. The expression of HIF-1αin patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were significantly increased than those in normal pregnant women, but the expression of VEGF were significantly induced. The expression VEGF/HIF - 1αwas decreased/ increased with progress of pre-eclampsia .This revealed that abnormal production of VEGF/ HIF-1αis one of the factors which make the blood vessel disorder in the placenta of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and have intimated relationship with severity of desease..3. The expression of HIF-1αin patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were significantly increased, but the expression of VEGF were significantly induced. It reveals that disturbance accommodation between HIF-1αand VEGF may be one component element which induces to generation and developmet of this desease .4. In the placenta tissue of patients with pre-eclampsia andeclampsia ,there is negative correlation relationship between HIF-1αand VEGF, negative correlation relationship between HIF-1αand MVD , positive correlation relationship between VEGF and MVD. It illustrates HIF-1αand VEGF participate the progress of the vascular vasculopathy mechanism and it is impossible to cure and prevent hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy by enhancing angiogenesis .
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