The Study On The Kidney With Chronic Renal Failure Using Gray Scale Histogram And Color Histogram

With a high yearly incidence and death rate and a large number of sufferers tending to be young in China, it is estimated that chronic renal failure (CRF) will come on at the rate of 6% to 7% each year and become one of the most rapid developed diseases. Generally speaking, the course of CRF, chronic renal failure, is an irreversible process and it is the main fatal disease which might also lead to deformity. And it has ascended to the top in the causes of the primary affection caused by hemodialysis. What's more, CRF has become one of the most significant tasks in clinic at present to detect, prevent and control CRF at a possible earlier stage and it is essential to identify the characteristics and laws of CRF by some techniques and make an accurate diagnosis as early as possible. Therefore, the application of gray scale histogram and color histogram is increasingly revealing its specific advantage in terms of the prevention and treatment of CRF.Now it is not so difficult to judge the intensity of the echo out of a kidney through the grey scale of ultrasonic echo, with which the diagnosis of the chronic kidney diseases are made. This diagnosis is a subjectively qualitative analysis of the images through experiences after an integration of part of the visible information of the images of the ultrasonic layers. However, the judgment of the intensity of the echo out of kidney is a subjective observation of the images of an individual case by the eyes of a doctor with his own experiences, which is made without any detailed objective quantitative standards. The structure of human tissues is very complicated and the differences between the structure of a normal kidney and that of an sick one vary greatly, so do the differences between different focuses. Consequently it is very difficult for us to analyze the pathological changes. In recent years, many experts are working on the problems—how to make the micro information implied in the images visible and how to convert the diagnosis of a qualitative analysis into another one with quantitative analysis so as to increase the accuracy of diagnoses. The problem can be solved by the application of ultrasonic gray scale histogram, which can quantize the intensity of the echo out of kidney to obtain detailed statistics and the objective quantitative standards of the intensity of ultrasonic echo. As a result, a qualitative analysis is improved with a diagnosis of quantitative analysis and the diagnoses have become more accurate. ultrasonic gray scale histogram and color histogram are new technologies developed these years. ultrasonic gray scale histogram is graph displaying the distribution of the image grey scale in images analysis, in which each branch possesses a corresponding frequency, namely the ratio of the number of the gray level pinel to the total number of pinel .Therefore the application of ultrasonic gray scale histogram can quantize the intensity of the echo out of kidney to get detailed statistics and the objective quantitative standards of the intensity of ultrasonic echo. The image information in a micro video instrument is mainly displayed by grey scale—the more the grey scale, the clearer the echo of the layers, and the greater the amount of the information of the video images becomes. ultrasonic gray scale histogram s graph displaying the distribution of the image gray scale in image analysis, in which each branch also possesses a corresponding frequency, (the ratio of the number of the gray level pinel to the total number of pinel), which is the pinel quantity or the relative magnitude of grey scale in the images. It is easy to change the shape of histogram in digital pictures, so the image effect of contrast ratio is greatly improved. Histogram was developed by a Japanese expert Kazuaki. The mechanism of this software is to calculate automatically the percentage that the area of colored symbols occupies in the area of the chosen part on the screen. Different from the methods before, color histogram is a objective quantitative way to estimate the degree of the richness of the blood flow in kidney. By testing the blood flow in kidney with the calculating software of color histogram, the percentage that the area of the blood flow with colored symbols in kidney occupies in the total area of a kidney can be automatically calculated. It is a quantitative diagnosing method and also an objective estimating method of blood flow.The research applies A loka Prosound SSD–5500 color ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus made in Japan to the examination of 60 health-standard groups and 90 sufferers from CRF, with regard to using 2D, gray scale histogram, color histogram, resonance intensity,the value of L,M,MN and SD of renal cortex, cone and renal sinus the blood area, total area and the BCR value in kidneys.The findings reveal that on the one hand, there is no striking difference among the L and M values of renal cortex, cone and renal sinus in gray scale histograms of different groups ( P>0.05). And renal cortex and the resonance in grey scale of cone intensify gradually with the deterioration of the disease, due to the fact that information conveyed in the image of ultrasonic develop is mainly represented by grey, the scale of which increases in direct proportion with its echo layer and information power of Image. And the brighter images are in correspondence to the wider range of grey which are at such convergence of high grey scale and the larger dynamic scope that image element on different grey scales go much higher. So it is claimed that the L and M values in gray scale histograms intensify gradually with renal cortex and the resonance in grey scale of cone, that is, both the L and M values in gray scale histograms: standard group0.05). The blood signal decreases gradually with the deterioration of the disease and the BCR value of blood signal in color in both kidneys are standard group > groupⅠ> groupⅡ> groupⅢand there exist striking difference between groupⅠand standard group(P<0.05)and much more striking difference between groupⅡ, groupⅢand standard group (P<0.01).Taking into account all of these factors, we can safely draw the conclusion that the joint application of gray scale histogram and color histogram may help establish quantitative index of normal people and sufferers from CRF at different stages, due to the complex mechanism, weak prognosis and difficult cure of CRF which exists at a serious stage of syndrome triggered by several kidney diseases. The research aims to do some preparations for the exploration and development of quantitative diagnosis technology and to provide certain data bases for further appropriate and reasonable design of ultrasonic diagnosis equipment and even referential evidence in quantity for accurate diagnosis of chronic renal failure and the timely treatment by clinician.