Preliminary Study On The Sound Environmental Control Technology For Flies

There is a close relationship between flies and human life.In addition to direct causing annoyance,flies even transmit pathogens resulting in human diseases.Now,chemical insecticides still play a leading role in fly control.However,a great deal of chemical insecticides using in fly control not only pollute the environment,but also flies rapidly evolve resistance. Therefore,there has been an increased emphasis on the development of other alternative fly control technologies.The fly species that is targeted by this research are domestic fly species Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala.Not only did we evaluate the attractive effect of leaf extracts of Magnolia grandiflora and Osmanthusfragrans both in the lab and in the field, but also the chemical constituents of leaf extracts of M.grandiflora and O.fragrans were analyzed with GC/MS,and set out to exploit the potential sound environmentally technologies for fly control.Major research results are as follows:(1)The attractive effects of leaf extracts of M.grandiflora and O.fragrans on the adult flies were investigated in the field,and the attractive effects of two leaf extracts on the adult M. domestica and C.megacephala were determined by Y-type olfactometer in the lab.The results indicated that the 1000mg/L solution of M.grandiflora leaf extract,1000mg/L and 100mg/L solution of O.fragrans leaf extract were significantly more attractive than control(p＜0.05).In contrast to the control,other ttreatment concentrations had no clear attractive action against the housefly adults(p＞0.05).In the Y-type olfactometer,the 10mg/L solution of M.grandiflora leaf extract and 200mg/L solution of O.fragrans leaf extract attracted significantly the adults of M.domestica,and there were significant differences in contrast to the control(p＜0.05).10mg/L and 5mg/L solutions of M.grandiflora leaf extract,200mg/L and 100mg/L solutions of O.fragrans leaf extract attracted significantly the adult C.megacephala(p＞0.05).Other treatment concentrations did not differ from the control(p＞0.05).The 200mg/L O.fragrans leaf extract + 10mg/L M.grandiflora leaf extract solution,200mg/L O.fragrans leaf extract + 1 mg/L M.grandiflora leaf extract solution had significant attractive effect on adult M.domestica,100mg/L O.fragrans leaf extract + lmg/L M.grandiflora leaf extract solution attracted significantly the adult C.megacephala (p＜0.05).In contrast to the control,other ttreatment concentrations had no clear attractive action against the adult M.domestica and C.megacephala(p＞0.05).(2)The chemical constituents of leaf extracts of M.grandiflora and O.fragrans were analyzed with GC/MS.The results indicated that the main compounds in M.grandiflora leaf extract were monoterpenes,monoterpene oxides,sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene oxides.Of which,the relative contents of 3-methyl-decanoic acid,9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, [1S-[1αR~*,4aβ,5β,8aα]]-5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylene-α-ethenyldecahydro-5-(hydroxymethyo)-α-1 -Naphthalenepropanol,2,2-dimethyl-3,4-pentadienal,γ-Elemene,Camphene,and [1S-(1α,2β,4β)]- 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane were higher than other compounds.In addition,there were small amount of Linalool,Caryophyllene,Cinnamic acid,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone,Cermacrene D,Eudesma-4(14),11-diene,α-Famesene, 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid,Nerolidolcistrans,Caryophylline,Spathulenol, 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene and Tetradecanoic acid.The main compounds in O.fragrans leaf extract were(3-Oxo-2-pent-2-enylcyclopentyl) acetic acid,9,12,15-Octadecatrienal,methyl 2-fluorobenzoate,Sorbitol,4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol,Dihydropinene and Isoeugenol.Moreover,there were a little Benzaldehyde,Guaiacol, methyl salicylate,methyl coumalate,hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and trans-Cinnamic acid.The analytical results indicated that there were monoterpenes aromatic compounds such as 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen- 1-ol,Isoeugenol,Caryophylline,Benzaldehyde,Cinnamic acid,Sorbitol both in M.grandiflora leaf extract and in O.fragrans leaf extract.All the compounds had attractive effect both on houseflies adults and Chrysomya megacephala adults.