| Agaricus blazei Murill is native to America and Brazil. It is also called as"Brazil Murill". It has been shown that there are polysaccharides, protein-bound polysaccharides and sterilization in the Agaricus fractions from hot-water extraction and alcohol precipitation which have antiviral and anticancer activities. As Agaricus fractions have advancements of natural, low toxicity, no side effect for people, they provide good meterials for the research and production of natural anticancer and antiviral medicine.Five fractions (E1~5) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murill with the methods of hot-water extraction, alcohol precipitation and vacuum refrigeration dryness. It was displayed that proteins and polysaccharides are the uppermost components of the fractions. The results on cytotoxic effects of the five fractions indicated that they had no cytotoxic activities on cultured TF (turbot fin, TF) cells cells when the concentrations were under 1.0 mg/mL. While the concentrations were beyond 1.5 mg/mL, the TF cells begun shinking and turning to roundness, even they were transparence. The shape change of TF cells correlated positively with the concentration variation of the Agaricus fractions.It was studied of the correlation of the five Agaricus fractions and LCDV by the research on the effects of five fractions from mushroom Agaricus blazei on the infection LCDV on TF cells. It was showed that the cytopathic effect of TF cells induced by infection of LCDV was inhibited after treated LCDV with the five fractions, especially the E5, before the infection and after the infection with the mixture of Agaricus fractions and LCDV. It was suggested that the five Agaricus fractions had the roles of inactivating viruses directly and/or blocking adsorption of virus to host cells. The cytopathic effect of TF cells was not weakened after they were infected by LCDV for 4 h and then cultured with Agaricus fractions which suggested that the five Agaricus fractions may not block LCDV reproduction process in TF cells.To study the anticancer activities and mechanisms of extracts of Agaricus blazei Murill, the experiments was done about the apoptosis-inducing roles of the five Agaricus fractions with the methods of cell counting, morphological observation, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscope. The results of cell counting indicated that the five fractions could inhibit the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa),human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2),human gastric carcinoma cell line (SGC) at different degree and the highest inhibitory rates of 84.04%,77.79%,60.27% were got respectively by treated the cells with the E4 fraction with the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. There were phenomenons of karyopyknosis, membrane vesication and formation of apoptotic body after HeLa,HepG2,SGC cells were treated with E4 and also a conspicuous DNA ladder was observed in agarose gel. While, there were no DNA ladder observed in agarose gels after the TF cells and HCE (human corneal endothelial, HCE) cells were treated with E4 at the same concentration, which suggested that the extracts of Agaricus blazei Murill had the selective cytotoxic extent.To sum up, five fractions of Agaricus blazei Murill were obtained by hot-water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and their roles of antiviral infection and apoptosis-induction of tumor cells. This work lay solid foundation not only for the study on the in vitro antiviral infective activities and mechanisms of extracts of mushroom Agaricus blazei but also for the development and utilization of effective antiviral components to lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in fish aquaculture. Furthermore, this work established crucial conditions for choosing the highest effective anticancer fractions of Agaricus and producing of natural anticancer medicine.
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