Investigation On Adverse Reactions And Their Prevention Of Pediatric Drugs

Objective: Sick infants and children under therapy are threatened by adverse drug reactions (ADRS) all the time. Hence, patients in Pediatrics are generally not selected as subjects for new drugs in the period of clinical tests. Nevertheless, adverse drug reactions, which are uneasy found in adults, can emerge during the application in infants and children, for a new drug can be used as long as there are indications after it having been allowed to come into the market. Pediatric patients are under the period of growth and development, and their organs, for instance, liver and kidney, and systems—mainly enzymes system, immune system, central nervous system—are not well developed, and therefore, once they fall ill, the illness deteriorates rapidly; in addition to a slow rate of metabolism and excretion, they are inclined to a more severe adverse drug reaction. Through concluding the characteristics of the adverse reactions in the use of pediatric drugs, this thesis is intended for medical staff to have a further comprehension of ADRS, and then clinically ensure infants and children grow safely by more strict indications and more appropriate strategy of drugs administration.Methods: Investigating diagrams have been designed with the reference to foreign epidemic documents and a 12-month investigation of pediatric patients in both clinic and inpatient department ensued. The content includes name, gender, age, personal history, family history, use of drugs—drug names, usage, dosage, duration, combinations of drugs, hypersensitive history and its relative factors, and treatment of ADRS, etc; and then, causalities were estimated comprehensively and classified statistically. According to the standard made by National Monitoring Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions, judgments should be given after a comprehensive analysis of the causalities, with reference to "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", "Newly Adapted Pharmacology", and clinical experiences.Results: Through the investigation on adverse reactions of pediatric drugs, drugs that can generate ADRS are classified into 10 categories, with the antibiotics on the top of the list. ADRS caused by Chinese traditional herbs lie in the second place. Single use of drugs is less severe than combination in ADRS. Skin and its accessories are the most common organ involved.Conclusion: As a coin has two sides, therapeutic effects could exert amply, meanwhile, ADRS could be avoided or minimized, if drugs were utilized appropriately. Before the use of them, the therapeutic effects, optional indications, resistance, etc. of drugs ought to be taken into consideration in order to make a reasonable selection. Drugs with a relative narrow range of safety but prominent individual differences—cardiovascular drugs ,for example—should be altered timely based on dosage, administration intermittences, etc. The constitution of sick infants and children, and their physiological functions of vital organs, especially in the newborn, are all important factors that influence the individual therapeutic dosage. A pediatric doctor must keep in mind the Pharmacokinetics and mechanism of the drugs he use and monitor the curative efforts, even blood drug level and functions of vital organs if necessary.Significance: The characteristics, occurrence, progress, and prognosis of pediatric ADRS are unknown sphere, which requires a further exploration and research. This thesis provides evidences and references to safe and reasonable use of drugs in pediatrics. Supervision of pediatric drugs should be reinforced and unreasonable drug combination should be averted. Drug dose and clinical observation are needed in intravenous administration. Doctors must take reasonable use of antibiotics into account, enhance the monitoring of ADRS, and diminish the occurrence of pediatric ADRS. Besides, positive prevention and treatment of ADRS are also essential.