The Effective Constituents In The Aerial Parts Of Echinacea Purpurea

Echinacea purpurea, which belongs to Echinacea of Composite family, is American-originated wild flower. Its Chinese name, zizhuiju, was translated from its English name, purple coneflower. Echinacea purpurea was used to cure all kinds of infections, including the bite of insects and poisonous snakes, eczema, typhoid, pulmonary tuberculosis and so on, and many evidences indicated that the main effective components-polyphenols, which was found in Echinacea purpurea, have high medicinal values and good utilization prospects. For better development and utilization of the resource of Purple Coneflower, and based on the theories and principles of phytochemistry and modern separation and analysis techniques, the chemical constitutions of the alcoholic extract of Echinacea purpurea. were studied systematically. At the same time, the content of the total polyphenols in different parts (stem, leaf and flower) of Echinacea purpurea. was also determined and the constituents of its essential oil from the flower were analyzed by GC-MS. The main results obtained from the experiments were as follows:1. The systematic chemical pretest in the extracts of the above-ground of Echinacea purpureaThe chemical constitutions of the Purple Coneflower were studied through the pretested systematically by the cuvette. The results showed that Echinacea purpurea contained phenols, tannins, essential oil, esters, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids, etc. Yet alkaloids, lactones, coumarins, coumarin glycosides and cardiac glycoside was not detected.2. The total phenol distribution in the above-ground of Echinacea purpurea and its concentrationThe content of total polyphenols in different parts (stem, leaf and flower) of Echinacea purpurea. was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, so did the different elution parts of D101 macroporous adsorbent resins column. The results showed that the order of the content of total polyphenols was: leaf (7.24%) > stem (5.74%) > flower (0.31%). The fraction eluted by 30% alcohol from D101 macroporous adsorbent resins column had the hightest content of total polyphenols, which was 32.37%, and the other frations were lower. The above-mentioned showed that D101 macroporous adsorbent resins could be well used in the separation of total polyphenols in Echinacea purpurea.3. The constituents analysis of essential oil from the above-ground of Echinacea purpureaThe essential oil constituents extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowers of Echinacea purpurea. were analyzed by GC-MS. There were 46 components detected in the essential oil, which accounted 97.06% for the total essential oil. The main constituents identified in the essential oil were caryophyllene (4.11%), 1, 6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5– methylene-8- (1-methylethyl)(19.09%), [s-(E, E)] -, naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8a-hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl) - (1S-cis)(5.6%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (19.63%), etc. The essential oil extracted by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from the flowers of Echinacea purpurea. showed that there were 56 different constituents(mainly as : acetic acid(12.36%), aenzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)(12.04%), 1R-α-Pinene (10.36%),α-myrcene(7.29%),α-Phellan- drene(3.76%)). The 56 essential oil constituents extracted by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from the stem and leaf of Echinacea purpurea. were analyzed by GC-MS. They were acetic acid (12.57%), 2-butanone-3-hydroxy (11.35%), 2, 3-butanediol (4.61%), propanoic acid, 2-methyl (4.43%).Twenty-one consitituents were obtained by SPME and hydrodistillation extraction simultaneous from the stem and leaf. The results of hydrodistillation and SPME can complement each other, and lay the foundation for the further study of volatile oil components.4. The separation and identification of effecitives from the above-ground of Echinacea purpureaIsolation and purification of the alcohol extracts of Purple Coneflower was carried out on the basis of thin layer chromatography, column chromatography and recrystallization. Six compounds were separated from the Purple Coneflower. These compounds were as follows:Ⅰ(15mg),Ⅱ(8mg),Ⅲ(9mg),Ⅳ(11mg),Ⅴ(109mg),VI (126mg). Based on their physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis (IR, EI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR), five of them were indentified as :Ⅰ(β-sitosterol),Ⅱ(nonadecan-1-ol)Ⅲ, (Ferulic acid),Ⅳ(Caffeic acid),Ⅴ(Cichoric acid), VI (Chlorogenic acid).In this thesis, the chemical constitutions of the Echinacea purpurea. were studied through the pretested systematically by the cuvette, and the distribution of total polyphenols in different parts (stem, leaf and flower) of Echinacea purpurea. were determined, and the effect of D101 macroporous adsorbent resins to separate total polyphenols in Echinacea purpurea was also studied. Moreover the constituents of the essential oil from the flower were identified. We also studied the inhibition effects of the alcoholic extract of the aerial part on five types of popular plant pathogenic fungus and two kinds of bacteria. Finally, five compounds were isolated from the Echinacea purpurea.. All of the above results showed that Echinacea purpurea. had high development and utilization value, and they were also useful for the further identification and rational utilization of Echinacea purpurea plants resources.