| Objective: To study the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on Ley oligosaccharide antigen and its key enzyme (FUT1/4)in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, cultured in vitro. It will be helpful to discover the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in anti-tumor and lay a clue for treating cancer.Methods: Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at differential concentrations, respectively. The cell proliferation inhibition was measured by 3-〔4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl〕-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on FUT1 ane FUT4 genes was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 24 hours after ginsenoside Rg3 exposure. The change of the LeY antigen was examined with immunofluorescence 24 hours after ginsenoside Rg3 treatment.Results:1. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at the concentration of 12.5μg/ml,25μg/ml,50μg/ml,100μg/ml,200μg/ml,400μg/ml respectively. The inhibition ratio was 13.36%,26.41%,35.46%,44.19%,48.92%,53.65%, respectively after 24 hours and statistical significance can be found from the groups 50μg/ml to 400μg/ml Rg3 treatment compared with the control group (p<0.05). The inhibition ratio was 25.06%,37.84%,48.40%,54.79%,70.76%,75.68%, respectively, after 48 hours, statistical significance can be found from Rg groups of 25μg/ml to 400μg/ml (p<0.05). There was no statistical significance between 24 hours and 48 hours. Under an inverted microscope, we observed the cells were adherent, fullness, polygon in control group, the cells amout sparse, suspended, quasi-round, and no refractional nature in experiment groups;the highter the concentration, the greater the morphological change of cells became.2. The expression of FUT1 and FUT4 genes. Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells were cultured between control group and experiment groups, mRNA of all groups cells was extracted after 24 hours. Then RT-PCR reaction was carried on. The genes FUT1 and FUT4 and internal referenceβ- action were expressed in the cells of all groups. The expression of FUT1 and FUT4 genes was high in control group compared with the experiment groups, with the highter the concentration was (12.5μg/ml,25μg/ml,50μg/ml,100μg/ml), the weaker the expression in experiment groups by Lab-work analysis. There was no statistical significance between control group and experiment groups (12.5μg/ml,25μg/ml,50μg/ml) (p>0.05), but markedly statistical significance can be found compare with 100μg/ml (p=0.01). There was markedly statistical significance between 100μg/ml and 12.5μg/ml,25ug/ml or 50μg/ml (p<0.01), but no statistical significance between 12.5μg/ml,25ug/ml and 50μg/ml (p>0.05).3. Immunofluorescence method under the fluorescent microscope, we observed that the strongest fluorescence expression in control group and with increase of the concentration of Rg3, the strength of fluorescence was gradually decreased. The weakeast fluorescence strength is 100ug/ml in experiment group.Conclusion:1. Ginsenoside Rg3 has anti-tumor effect on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the highter the concentration is, the greater the inhibitory effect on tumor cells proliferation will come. No statistical significance was found between Rg3 treatment in 24 hours and 48 hours.2. The expression of fucosyltransferase (FUT1/4) gene was higher in control group compared with that of Rg3 groups, ginsenoside Rg3 can down regulate the expression of FUT1/4gene. There was markedly statistical significance with the increased concentration of ginsenoside Rg3.3. Immunofluorescence show that the expression of LeY antigen decrease with increase of the concentration of Rg3. There was markedly statistical significance.4. Ginsenoside Rg3 can down regulate the expression of Fut1/4 gene and decrease the synthesis of Ley antigen, the resore inhibit the growth of tumor cells. This may supply an evidence of the important mechanisms related ginsenoside Rg3 in anti-tumor .
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