| Bone defect is one of the problems in the orthopedics. The present treatments include auto grafts, allograft and biomaterial filling. But the therapeutic effects and mode are not satisfied. Tissue-engineered bone provides a new way to solve the problem, and has been successfully reconstructed in the lab. As so far, though great achievement has been made in repair of bone defect by artificial bone of tissue engineering, the problem need to be resolved in vascularization of tissue-engineered bone. In order to figure it out, the present study is designed and contains two main parts.Objective To study the ability to repair large segment bone defect of rabbit with tissue engineering of vascularized bone constructed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with vascular bundle implantation in porous xenogeneic deproteinised cancellous bone ( XDCB) .Methods 1.4cm radius diaphyseal defects were made bilaterally in 24 rabbits. 48 bone defects were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12). Group A was repaired without implantation, group B with XDCB and vascular bundle(VB) implantation (XDCB+VB) , group C with tissue engineeried bone (XDCB+MSCs), and group D with tissue engineering of vascularized bone (XDCB+MSCs+VB). X-ray and general state of rabbits, HE staining of tissue slice of the implants, the biomechanics of the specimens tested were carried out at week 4,8, 12 postoperation to evaluate the bone defect repairing effect and vascularization of implant.Results The defects of group A showed little trace of bone regeneration. Group D conducted a far more extensive bone defect repairing effect and vascularization of implant than group C, and group C more than group B (P<0.05).Conclusion Tissue engineering of vascularized bone which was constructed by MSCs combined with vascular bundle implantation in porous XDCB can accelerate the vascularization and osteogenesis process of implant. Compared to tissue engineeried bone, it had more ability to repair large segment bone defect.
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