| OBJECTIVEWith the development of the social economics and the improvement of the living condition, people usually pay more attention to the house decorated luxury, and meanwhile people ignore the effect of the health owing to the decoration,indoor air pollution. Formaldehyde(FA) become one of the major and more serious indoor air pollutant because of the extensive sources,serious toxicitied,high-level pollution and long-term duration. To explore the genetic toxicity and oxidative damage induced by FA, it could provide more scientific basis further through improving the quality of indoor air,and to formulate and to modify the health standard of environmental and occupational health about formaldehyde,and it have purposes of the theory and the society.METHODSIn this study,the pulmonary and renal cells of 3-month-old Wistar male rats were used as experiental materials exposured after continuous inhalation for 72 h by different concentrations of gaseous FA (0.5,1.0,3.0 mg/m~3) in vivo and exposured for 1 h by different concentrations of liquid FA(0,25,50,100,150 and 200μmol/L) in vitro respectively.And we detected the effect of its repair at 0,6,12,18 and 24 h exposrued by the concentration as 3.0 mg/m~3 for 72 h in vivo and the concentration as 75μmol/L for 1 h in vitro.The cultured cells of V79 and A549 were used as other experiental materials exposured for 1h by different concentrations of liquid FA (0,50,100,200,400,800 and 1600μmol/L).We also detected the effect of its repair at 0,6,12,18 and 24 h exposured by the concentration as 200μmol/L in V79 cells and exposured by the concentration as 100μmol/L in A549 cells respectively.The exposured dose in its repair experience was selected according the effects of DPC above.KCl-SDS assay was used to detect the coefficient of DPC in pulmonary and renal cells of rats,V79 cells and A549 cells.The aim was to explore the genetic toxicity of FA.We also detected the activity of SOD,NOS and the contents of MDA exposured for 1h by different concentration of liquid FA(0,25,50,100,150 and 200μmol/L) in pulmonary and renal cells of rats and exposured for 1h by different concentration of liquid FA (0,50,100,200,400,800 and 1600μmol/L) in V79 cells and A549 cells.The aim was to explore the oxidative damage of FA.RESULTS1 DNA-protein crosslinks induced by FAIn vivo, higher concentration (1.0 mg/m~3 or above) could cause the effect of DNA-protein crosslinks significantly (P<0.05),lower concentration of gaseous FA (0.5 mg/m~3) could not cause DNA-protein crosslinks in pulmonary and renal cells of rats.In vitro, higher concentration (50μmol/L or above) could cause the effect of DNA-protein crosslinks significantly (P<0.05) ,lower concentration of liquid FA (25μmol/L) could not cause the effect of DNA-protein crosslinks in pulmonary and renal cells of rats.In vitro,higher concentration of liquid FA (200μmol/L or above in V79 cells and 100μmol/L or above in A549 cells) could cause the effect of DNA-protein crosslinks significantly (P<0.05) ,lower concentration of liquid FA (100μmol/L or less in V79 cells and 50μmol/L in A549 cells) could not cause DNA-protein crosslinks significantly.2 The repair of DNA-protein crosslinks induced by FADPC induced by gaseous FA at the concentration as 3.0 mg/m~3 could be repaired within 24 h in pulmonary cells respectively (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 24 h.DPC induced by gaseous FA at the concentration as 3.0 mg/m~3 could be repaired within 18 h and 24 h in renal cells respectively (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 18 h and 24 h.DPC induced by liquid FA at the concentration as 75μmol/L could be repaired within 18 h and 24 h in pulmonary cells respectively (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 18 h and 24 h.DPC induced by liquid FA at the concentration as 75μmol/L could be repaired within 12 h ,18 h and 24 h in renal cells respectively (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 12 h,18 h and 24 h.DPC induced by liquid FA at the concentration as 200μmol/L could be repaired within 18 h and 24 h in V79 cells (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 18 h and 24 h.DPC induced by liquid FA at the concentration as 100μmol/L could be repaired within 24 h in A549 cells (P<0.05,compared with 0 h group) and be restored to the level of control group around 24 h.3 The effect of the oxidative damage induced by FALower concentration of gaseous FA (0.5 mg/m~3 and 1.0 mg/m~3) could decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS),but it's not significant,compared with the control group, highly concentration of gaseous FA(3.0 mg/m~3) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS significantly in renal cells of rats.Higher concentration (1.0 mg/m~3 or above) could increase the content of Maleic Dialdehyde(MDA) (P<0.05),lower concentration (0.5 mg/m~3) could increase the content of MDA,but it's not significant. Lower concentration of liquid FA (125μmol/L) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS,but it's not significant,compared with the control group, highly concentration of liquid FA(250μmol/L and 500μmol/L) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS significantly in renal cells of rats.Higher concentration (250μmol/L and 500μmol/L) could increase the content of MDA (P<0.05),lower concentration (125μmol/L) could increase the content of MDA,but it's not significant.Lower concentration of liquid FA (200μmol/L or less) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS,but it's not significant,compared with the control group, highly concentration of liquid FA(400μmol/L or above) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS significantly in A549 cells.Higher concentration (200μmol/L or above) could increase the content of MDA (P<0.05),lower concentration (100μmol/L or less) could increase the content of MDA,but it's not significant.Lower concentration of liquid FA (100μmol/L or less) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS,but it's not significant,compared with the control group, highly concentration of liquid FA(200μmol/L or above) could decrease the activity of SOD and NOS significantly in V79 cells.Higher concentration (400μmol/L or above) could increase the content of MDA (P<0.05),lower concentration (200μmol/L or less) could increase the content of MDA,but it's not significant.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that lower concentration of FA could not cause DNA-protein crosslinks,but higher concentration of FA could DNA-protein crosslinks significantly.And there is the relationship of dose-effect between the concentration of FA and the coefficient of DPC.This study also suggests that DPC induced by FA could repair within 18 h,and it could be restored the nomal level around 24 h.And the DPC-repaired time in vitro was shorter than that in vivo.This study also suggests that FA could cause the oxidative damage.FA could decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and could increase the content of Maleic Dialdehyde(MDA).
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