Drug Resistance Analysis Of The Clinical Common Pathogenic Bacteria To Antibiotics

Bacterial infections are common diseases of mankind, for a long time, and mankind has been fighting with pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. However, with the heavy use of antibiotics, particularly broad and inappropriately, resistance of bacteria become growing, there are some special resistant even resistance multi-resistant, causing great threats to human health. Currently, bacterial resistance have become a global problem. We should strengthen surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, set up bacterial resistance monitoring network, get the info of region and the nation's major pathogens to antimicrobial resistance.In this study, we collected isolated strains of bacteria in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from July 2009 to 2009 December. They are common Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, including 77 strains of E. coli, 73 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 34 strains of E. cloacae, 11 strains of Serratia marcescens, 18 strains of Proteus. There are also common Gram-positive cocci, 46 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 18 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. 50 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 20 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Using disc agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method or KB) for antibiotic susceptibility testing. According with United States Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2008 edition of the standard to judge the results to distinguish between sensitive (S), intermediate (I), resistance (R). Then use the WHONET5.3 software from Bacterial resistance monitoring network of the World Health Organization to data statistical analysis.The results shown: Enterobacteriaceae has a high resistance rate, more than 60%, to piperacillin penicillins, aminoglycosides of the gentamicin and folic acid metabolic pathway inhibitors (trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole); ampicillin resistance to penicillin was highest, 86.4%, generation cephalosporins cefazolin also reached 70.9%. Ceftriaxone and aztreonam act as an intermediary higher, respectively 23.9% and 22.1%. Increasing the dose of these drugs can achieve good antibacterial activity. The antibiotics with low rates of resistance are piperacillin / tazobactam 2.8%; fourth generation cephalosporins cefepime 7.0%; carbapenems imipenem and meropenem of drug resistance rates 1.4% and 1.9%. It demonstrates that tazobactam has stronger inhibition againstβ-lactamase, the fourth generation cephalosporin and carbapenem also have significant antibacterial activity.Staphylococcus bacteria has high resistance rates on two penicillin antibiotics, were more than 90%, and the rate resistance to macrolides of the erythromycin reached 70.3%. Vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance rates were 9.4% and 12.5%. The results show that we can use Glycopeptides as the main antimicrobial agents to Staphylococcus bacteria. Of these, 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to vancomycin, they might be super bacteria. The intermediate rate of 15 kinds of antibiotics used are very low, indicating the normal dose of antibiotic can get satisfactory results, without having to increase the dosage.Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a higher resistance rate, 62%, to monocyclic lactams aztreonam, intermediate rate reached 16%. The antibiotics that have low resistance areβ-lactam antibiotic /β-lactamase inhibitor such as piperacillin / tazobactam, only 2%; fourth generation cephalosporins cefepime was 10%; carbon Penicillium alkenes of imipenem and meropenem were 12% and 6%; aminoglycoside of amikacin was 12%. So these 5 antibiotics have good antibacterial effect, can be used as the main antimicrobial agents.Acinetobacter baumannii has high resistance rate to different antibiotics. The lowest resistance to carbapenem, imipenem and meropenem were also up to 30% and 35%. Every kind of bacterias present a high level of resistance to some antibiotics. So understanding the situation of bacterial resistance has significant importance for guiding clinical practice using of antibiotics rationally, reducing the production and dissemination of resistant bacteria, then prevention, control of infections caused by resistant bacteria.