| Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and Resonance non-linear scattering (RNLS) as a kind of new light scattering technique which is rise and developed in 1990s. The technology of RRS analysis was established in 1993 by Pasternack et al. on a common spectrofluorometer, and firstly it was applied to research and determine DNA. While Prof.Liu Shaopu and his coworkers studying the RRS of process of ionic association, they discovered when monochromatic light of different wavelengths in parallel by some of the solution,2 times the wavelength of the incident light and 1/2 can also have a strong light scattering, respectively. The first time, they used as a spectral analysis technology to study, and thought this is due to resonance Rayleigh scattering from the resonance nonlinear scattering, based on this established a new method of trace analysis. As a new tool in chemical research, RRS and RNLS have received much attention and has a broad application prospects due to their high sensitivity, simplicity and convenient.In this research, the first proposed method was the alizarin red S (ARS) and its rare earth complexes as light scattering probe. The RRS and RNLS spectra of their interaction between complexes and tetracycline drugs or biological macromolecules of bovine serum albumin were studied, and the added of rare earth ion makes the RRS and RNLS signals of two simultaneous enhanced. Accordingly, new high sensitive RRS method and RNLS method of drugs and biological macromolecules for trace analysis and detection were established with the wide linear range. Simultaneously, the aggregation of Methyl blue (MB) and hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated by RRS method and using for trace analysis of Hb with high sensitivity. Herein, this paper includes two parts:Part one Determination of tetracycline antibiotics using alizarin red S (ARS)-rare earth ion complexes as a light scattering probe by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering(1)In buffer solution of HAc-NaAc (pH 5.75), alizarin red S (ARS)-La3+ was combined with tetracycline (TC) and the ternary complexes were formed. This resulted in prominent enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS),Second-Order scattering (SOS) and Frequency-Double scattering (FDS), The maximum scattering wavelengths were 312 nm for RRS,580 nm for SOS and 290nm for FDS, respectively. The scattering intensity of system was proportional to the concentration of TC in certain ranges. The linear ranges and the detection limits of TC were 0.004-0.444μg/mL and 2.95 ng/mL for RRS method, 0.008-0.444μg/mL and 2.47 ng/mL for SOS method,0.008-0.444μg/mL and 2.27 ng/mL for FDS method, respectively. Based on the enhancement of light scattering, the proposed methods (resonance linear and nonlinear scattering analysis method) can be sensitively applied to the determination of TC, and the detection limit could reach nanogram level. The reacting conditions and influence factors of ARS-La-TC system were also investigated by SOS method. The proposed methods can be applied to the determination of TC content in biological samples by the standard addition method, and the results were satisfied.(2) In buffer solution of NaAc-HAc (pH 4.4), minocycline (MC) was combined with alizarin red S (ARS) and Eu3+ by intermolecular forces to form ternary complexes, which causing an enhancement of RRS at 370 nm. Based on the enhancement of RRS, a novel method can be applied to the determination of MC. The linear range for the determination of MC was 0.073-5.493μg/mL and the detection limit was 0.021μg/mL. The proposed method was sensitive, simple and fast; it also had well selectivity and repetitiveness. The urine sample was analyzed by the standard addition method; the method could be applied to the determination of MC in tablet and capsule, and the results were satisfied. Part two Determination of biomacromolecules using dye and its rare earth ion complexes as a light scattering probe by resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering(1) In buffer solution of HAc-NaAc (pH 4.5), alizarin red S (ARS)-La3+ was combined with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and form ternary ion-complexes, which resulted in significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS),Second-Order scattering(SOS) and Frequency-Double scattering (FDS). The maximum scattering wavelengths were 373 nm for RRS,620 nm for SOS and 310nm for FDS, respectively. The scattering intensity of system was proportional to the concentration of BSA in certain ranges. The linear ranges and the detection limits of BSA were 0.034-13.40μg/mL and 0.010μg/mL for RRS method,0.201-13.40μg/mL and 0.052μg/mL for SOS method, 0.201-10.05μg/mL and 0.089μg/mL for FDS method, respectively. Based on the enhancing of light scattering, the proposed methods (resonance linear and nonlinear scattering analysis method) can be applied to the determination of BSA, sensitively. The reacting conditions and influence fators of ARS-La-BSA system were investigated by RRS method. The proposed methods can be applied to the determination of protein content in biological samples, and the results were satisfied.(2)The light scattering characteristics of MB-Hb binary system were investigated by RRS method which using MB as a light scattering probe. In weak acidic condition, methyl blue (MB) could aggregate on hemoglobin (Hb) and form ion-association complexes by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. It resulted in not only the changes of the absorption spectrum, but also the enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). According to these phenomena, a convenient method for the determination of Hb was developed. The linear range and the detection limit for the determination of Hb were 0.2-20μg/mL and 0.012μg/mL, respectively. Compared with RRS method, the linear range and the detection limits for Spectrophotometry (SP) were 8-60μg/mL and 0.688μg/mL (at 344 nm),5-60μg/mL and 0.398μg/mL (at 408 nm), respectively. In this paper, the RRS method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace Hb in urine samples. The spectral characteristics of the absorption and scattering, the optimum conditions of the aggregating were investigated. Besides, the parameters of the analytical chemistry and mechanism of interaction were investigated under the optimum conditions. Finally, the influences of small organic molecules (S.O.M.) were also discussed, firstly.
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