Investigation On Sleep Condition And Affected Factors Among Junior High School Students In Macau

ObjectivesTo comprehend the sleep quality, sleep model and their affected factors among junior high school students in Macau Special Administrative Region.MethodsUsing the questionnaire to investigate junior high school 535 students in Macau which were chosen by random sample method. The questionnaire was made up of general condition questions, pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), state-trait anxiety scale (STAI), beck depression scale (BDI), adolescent self-rating events check list(ASLEC), epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), morninginess and eveninginess questionnaire (MEQ), and fill in the total average score of the latest examination. The questionnaires were finished by these students under researcher's supervision and were collected by their head-teachers of the classes. After data arrangement and importation, used t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, bivariete correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to finish the statistical testing.Results1. In 535 questionnaires, there were 34 questionnaires can not be analysised because they were destroyed or were emptied.2. In samples, the proportion of males group was 51.5%(258 persons),and the proportion of females group was 48.5%(242 persons), the age distribution was from 12 to 19 years old.3. In weekday, the average bedtime of students was 10:30 night, the average rise-up time was at 7:00 morning, average total sleep time was 457 minutes±75 minutes; In weekend and holiday, the average bed time and the average wake-up time were delayed 3 to 4 hours,(average bed time was 2:00 morning and average rise-up time was 10:30 to 11:00) repectively, the average total sleep time also extend over 600 minutes significantly. 4. The females'PSQI score and ESS score were higher than the males (PSQI M v.s.F:4.81±2.63 v.s.5.52±2.46, P= 0.002; ESS M v.s.F:7.95±4.79 v.s.8.86±4.57, P=0.03) respectively,the average sleep time of females was less than males in weekday (M v.s. F:472±85 minutes v.s.442±59 minutes, P<0.001), but the average sleep time of females was more than males in weekend and holiday (Weekend M v.s.F:590±97 minutes v.s.628±110 minutes, P<0.001; Holiday M v.s.F:581±103 minutes v.s.631±109 minutes, P<0.001)5. The students'MEQ average score were 13.34±3.09, and the females'MEQ score was lower than males (M v.s.F:13.71±3.17 v.s.12.84±2.95, P= 0.005)6. There were 25.2% students reported sleep problem. The sleep quality of students would be more and more poorer and more and more sleepiness in the morning when they felt that need to force the pressure of academy (PSQI and ESS:P< 0.001) or had no interesting to study (PSQI and ESS:P< 0.001) or spent more time for network and television (PSQI P= 0.016,ESS P= 0.002). The students had acohol history or bad relationship with family or friends, their sleep quality was poor too.7. The students'BDI average score were 13.48±10.34, STAI average score were 78.87±17.04 and ASLEC average score were 37.11±10.34.8. The average scores of latest examination were concentrated from 61 to 80. The sleep quality of the lowest group remark of students was at the highest and lowest of the two extremes.9. In correlation analysis results showed that PSQI was positive correlation with ESS, BDI, TAI, ASLEC six factors and was negative correlation with MEQ, total sleep time of weekday and their academy result.10. In linear regression analysis results showed ASLEC_V, BDI, MEQ, sex and ESS were PSQI possible risk factors; ASLEC_Ⅳ, ASLEC_V, ASLEC_VI, PSQI MEQ and TAI were ESS possible risk factors; MEQ, PSQI, sex and TAI were the possible risk factors of total sleep time of weekday.11. There had 16.4% and 13.6% students were defined poor sleeper (PSQI> 8) and sleepiness (ESS> 14). They had higher BDI score and ASLEC score than good sleeper and non sleepiness students, their sleep model were more belonged to eveningiess and total sleep time was shorten relatively. Conclusion:1. The sleep quality of students was poor universally, they usually appear sleepiness in daytime, their total sleep time was less than 8 hours in weekday, and they would extend the total sleep time to replenish in weekend and holiday. this situation was more dramatically in females.2. Most students have good living environment. The pressure of academy, the interesting of study, and the long time spent for network and watching TV are reasons of living environment to affect sleep quality.3. Most students had mild depression situation, their sleep quality and sleepiness were significant correlation with their mental health(depression and anxiety) and negative life events. The mental situation of poor sleep quality and sleepiness's students was usually poor relatively, they were easily suffered from negative life events.4. Although the average score of latest examination of the poorer sleep quality and sleepiness relatively's students were at two extremes (maximun and minimum group), but the students whose PSQI score was higher 8 or ESS score was higher than 14, Most of them's average score of latest examination were concentrated at the lowest group.