Study On The Hypoglycemic And Hypolipidemic Activities Of Mulberry Leaves And Product Development

Mulberry leaves (the leaves of Morus alba), Which were used as medicine and food. The present studies showed that Polysaccharide and DNJ (1-dexynojirimycin) in mulberry leaves have hypoglycemic activity, n-butanol extract of mulberry leaves have assistant hypolipidemic activity. Which play a key role and how many dosage of the compound having function have not been reported, and few relevant product can be found in market. The functional compounds in Mulberry leaves harvested at different months were tested, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic functions were studied, and processing technology and functional components compounds stability in capsules and beverage of Mulberry leaves were studied. The result was showed as follows:1,Determination of the functional component in mulberry leavesHPLC and Colorimetric Method were used to determine total flavonoids, polysaccharide, DNJ, GABA(y-aminobutyric acid), phytosterol of mulberry leaves, in which the methods of Polysaccharide, GABA, phytosterol were improved. Functional contents from May to October were tested. The results were showed that the hightest content of total flavonoids in leaves was 9.31mg/g at August, highest polysaccharide at September was 8.68mg/g, hightest DNJ content was 0.46mg/g at August, hightest GABA content was 1.91mg/g at July, and hightest phytosterol content was 0.57mg/g at May.2,Study on hypoglycemic activity of mulberry leavesThe ICR male mice were injiected intraperitoneally with alloxan, for building hyperglycemia mice. The mice were gavaged with 1g/(kg.d),2g/(kg.d),3g/(kg.d) mulberry leaves extracts, their weight and blood glucose were measured. Compared with the model hyperglycemia group, Mulberry leaves exeract treatment had the significicantly effect of inhibting blood glucose rising in mice. The low, the middle and the high dosage treatment decresed serum blood glucose of mice for 26.07%, 44.71% and 54.07% respectively. It certified that mulberry leaves had hypoglycemic activity. 100g mulberry leaves were distilled by 70%ethanol, the extraction was leached to four phases by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water in turn. Then four extracts were mixed with lOg dextrin, then dissolved with 200mL physiological saline respectively, the gavagation was 0.5mL/day one mouse, the result was showed that mice blood glucose was decreased by 63.07%,68.74%,24.43% and 45.43% of petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase, n-butanol phase and water phase respectively. It suggested that many material of mulberry leaves have the effect of hypoglycemic activity of mice. The total Flavonoids, Polysaccharide, alkaloid were extracted from 50g mulberry leaves, and were predetermined to 100 mL. For finding the most important component of hypoglycemic activity, rutin, GABA and phytosterol standards also were used for animal experiments. The dose of extracts was 0.50mL, and the concentration of rutin,GABA and phytosterol were divedly 5.00mg/mL, 1.00mg/mL and 0.30mg/mL respectively. Mice were gavaged 0.5mL/d one mouse, the blood glucose in mice reduce rate were 58.42%,49.96% and 29.96%, respectively. The key hypoglycemic activity substances in mulberry leaves might be alkaloid, Polysaccharide and the total flavonoids.3,Study on the assistant hypolipidemic activity of mulberry leavesThe SD mice were feeded with fattiness food for hypolipidemia mice, then each mouse was gavaged with the dose of 0.20g/d,0.40g/d, 0.60g/d mulberry leaves extracts. TC, TG and HDL-C were tested. The results were showed that:The low dosage treatment male mice serum TC decreased by 19.39%, made TG decreased by 21.28% and made HDL-C increased by 29.75%, which indicated that the low dose mulberry leaves extract had assistant hypolipidemic activity. Four phases extracts were petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase, n-butanol phase and water phase. The TG of ethyl acetate phase and water phase made decreased by 22.82% and 29.18%, and two phases had the effect of assistant hypolipidemic activity by the animal experiments. The crude extracts of mulberry leaves were certified having assiant hypolipidemic activity. The TG of Phytosterol decreased by 69.22%, made HDL-C increased by 60.27%, The TG of Polysaccharide decreased by 24.52%, made HDL-C increased by 10.57%, The TG of total flavonoids decreased by 28.87%, made HDL-C increased by 49.7%, alkaloid made TG decreased by 35.30%, made HDL-C increased by 27.53%. Consequently phytosterol, total flavonoids, alkaloid and polysaccharide might have the effect of assistant hypolipidemic activity.4,Study on processing of microcapsules and beverage of the Mulberry leavesMulberry leaves were distilled by ethanol, and the ethanol was dispelled, which extract was used for microcapsules and beverage. The manufacture technology of capsules and beverage were studied. The optimum process conditions were assessed by conservation rate of the functional component content.0.02% bentonite was added to make beverage clear obviously,0.01%CMC-Na was added to make the beverage stablity.0.2%β-cyclodextrin addition and vacuum degassing for 30min at 80kpa, the odor of mulbuerry leaves was reduced obviously. The optimum formula for beverage was that:0.5% extract of mulberry leaves,0.05%tea leaves, 0.1g/L citric acid,0.03g/L aspartame. The conservation rate of total flavonoids and GABA content rates were 88.35% and 73.25% in the beverage process, and the conservation rates were 90.90% and 76.18% for 6 months storage.The optimum processing condition for microcapsules manufacture was inlet temperature at 150℃, the air pump efficiency for 90%, the pump rate at 20%. The total flavonoids and GABA content rates kept 87.56% and 92.21% after the process, and the conservation rates were 79.88% and 73.73% for 6 months storage.