| Objective:To explore the distribution and trend of development of blood pressure as well as the hypertension risk factors in adolescents aged 11 to 15 in Tai'an of Shandong Province, find out the susceptible adolescents group and provide evidences for the prevention of hypertension.Methods:Using a clustered random sampling method, three junior high schools'students ranged from grade one to four were investigated. Professionally measured the blood pressure and made the questionnaire at the same time. Next, a 1:4 matched case control study was conducted based on the results of the blood pressure screening. A total number of 153 groups of case and controls matched on sex, age and class. By investigation on some questions such as growth, behavior especially diet habits and family risk factors. Data was analyzed by SAS or SPSS software to calculate the odds ratio and evaluate the relative risks, so to assess the roles of those risk factors in the occurring of hypertension in adolescents.Results:(1) The distribution of the blood pressure in adolescents was normal distribution approximately. Using different diagnose standards, we got distinct prevalence rate in adolescents in Tai'an. According to the data in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2000, the prevalence rate was 6.71%,6.83%in the male and 6.58%in the female respectively. There's not significant difference between different sexes. Using the other diagnose standards, the prevalence rates were 3.20%,4.61%,6.63%and 5.13%respectively. Among the informants, there're 359 who were overweight or obese, accounting for 15.76%of the informants, with the hypertension prevalence rate 13.09%. The distribution of blood pressure in adolescents presented considerable stability, and the values of blood pressure in different years were correlated significantly.(2) By correlation and monofactorial analysis, the blood pressure in adolescents was probably related with birth weight, height, weight, high BMI, high SBP and DBP of parents, average income of the family, premature delivery, breast feeding, menses, less physical exercise, too much salt intakes, taking food irregularly, sweet and fast food intakes, snack intakes, hypertension during pregnant period, and fresh vegetables and fruits consumption.(3) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that too much salt and sock intake, high SBP of parents, pulse pressure and growth index such as height and weight was positively related with SBP; and the DBP was probably related with snack intake, high SBP of parents, pulse pressure and growth index.(4) By fitting condition 1:4 Logistic regression model, it showed that the risk factors of adolescent hypertension included:low birth weight, too much salt intake, hypertension during pregnant period, high SBP of parents, and overweight or obese. However, the frequency of fresh vegetables intake was the protective factor for adolescent hypertension.(5) Factors analysis of adolescent hypertension showed that among the principal 25 risk factors there were eight kinds of main common factors:the growth risk factor, the bad diet habits risk factor, the family and heredity risk factor, the mater pregnant period risk factor, the sex mature risk factor, the diet protective factor, the character and behavior factor and the early life risk factor.Conclusion:The value of blood pressure aged 11-15 was'normal distribution approximately and increased gradually along with the age increase. According to the data in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2000(P95), the prevalence rate was 6.71%,6.83%in male and 6.58%in female respectively. Environmental factors, inheritance and living-behavior manner play important roles in the progress of adolescent hypertension. Many researches reported that the development of blood pressure in children and adolescents presented "tracking phenomenon", which showed that the adolescent hypertension may develop to adulthood EH. Prevention of hypertension should be conducted from children and adolescents. Especially to the students who have family history of hypertension, the change of living-behavior manner may play an important role in the prevention of adulthood EH and related diseases. |
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