| The pharmacognosy features of Calvatia gigantea and three kinds of similar mushrooms were studied by the source identification, character identification, microscopic identification. Chemical composition of the fruiting body of C.gigantea and volatile oil of C.gigantea at different maturity stage was studied. Antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of different extracts from fruiting bodies of C.gigantea at different maturity stage and Bocistella sinensis was studied systemically in this dissertation.Sample survey more than ten of drugstore of the Changchun city, except for pharmacopoeia procisions, the similar mushrooms of C.gigantea were Bovistella longi-pedicellata Teng^ Bocistella sinensis Lloyd and Calvatia craniiformis (Scnw.) Fr.Base resource identification, C. gigantea was a kind of fungi which belong to Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Agaticaceae, Calvatia. Fruiting body large-scale, subsphaeroidal or sphericity. Stem base small or not, peridium was white, unclean white later, fruiting body was brown or lightcyan. Basidiospores sphericity, smooth or subtle small warts, no stipe, weak cyan, 3.5-5.5μm. Capillitium slender, weak cyan, slightly branches, have to few septa,2.3-7μm.On chemical composition, four compoundes were separated from fruiting body of C. gigantea extractive by silica-gel column chromatography and identified by MS, H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT and HPLC. The four compoundes are ergosterin, ergosterol peroxide, 4,6,8(14),22(23)-tetraen-3-one-ergostane,7(8),22(23)-diene-3-one-ergostane. ergosterol peroxide and 4,6,8(14),22(23)-tetraen-3-one-ergostane were separated from fruiting body of C. gigantea for the first time. Volatile oil from C. gigantea at different maturity stage was extracted by steam-distillation method, and its components were analyzed by GC-MS. The main difference of volatile oil composition between immature and mature fruiting body was that volatile oil from immature fruiting body contained crdrol, a-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, but the one from mature fruiting body did not.On antibacterial activity, the bacteria growth inhibition assay of the petroleum ether fraction, the chloroform fraction, the EtOAc fraction, the acetone fraction, the methanol fraction of different extracts from fruiting bodies of C.gigantea at different maturity stage and Bovistella sinensis were examined. The results indicated that each fraction had different degrees antibacterial activity to E.coli ATCC8099 and S.aureus ATCC6538. The chloroform extract from immature fruiting body of C.gigantea had obviously activity to E.coli ATCC8099 and S.aureus ATCC6538, at a 50mg/mL concentration level, the inhibition rate was 57.57% and 50.12%, respectively, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values all at 12.5 mg/mL, and it had significant difference compared with the control group at leave of 0.01. The acetone extract from mature fruiting body of C.gigantea had obviously activity, at a 50mg/mL concentration level, the inhibition rate was 50.59% and 45.47%, MIC values all at 12.5 mg/mL, and it had significant difference compared with the control group at leave of 0.01.Antibacterial activity of volatile oil from fruiting bodies of C.gigantea at different maturity stage. The volatile oil from immature fruiting body performed stronger inhibitory activity to E.coli ATCC8099 and S.aureus ATCC6538, at a 10mg/mL concentration level, the inhibition rate was 75.21% and 58.13%, both MIC values were 10.0 mg/mL.In the antioxidation experiment, using the analysis methods of DPPH the antioxidant activity of methanol fraction from immature of C.gigantea was evaluated, the concentration of the extracts was in direct proportion to the antioxidant activity, but the extracts of immature fruiting body did not evaluated.
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