| Objective To explore the possible development and feature of IL-21 and its relative cytokines in the acute experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Methods To produce EAM, on day 0, each rat was immunized with emulsion containing cardiacmyosin with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) by injecting in both the hind soles , becoming experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM),then they were divided into three groups randomly;the control group were injected normal sodium. The mRNA expression of the IL-21 and the relative cytokines(IL-21R,IL-17,IL-17R,TGF-β,IL-6) were detected in different locations of EAM rats at the second week by Realtime-PCR. The mRNA and protein expressions of Interleukin-21 and the relative cytokines(IL-21R,IL-17,IL-17R,TGF-β,IL-6) were examined by Realtime–PCR, Western blotting and Elisa during the time course of EAM rats. Results Inflammatory cells were observed in the EAM rats, and it is the most serious in the second immunization of rat heart. mRNA and protein expressions of IL-21 were increased in hearts and spleens. mRNA and protein levels of IL-21R,IL-17R and TGF-βwere increased in spleens. The expression of IL-17and IL-6 were elevated in hearts.IL-21 and the reletive factors were most in the 2w; descending at the 3w,and at the 4w,they were coming to the normal level; the changes were according with the clinic time of EAM. Conclusions Increased IL-21 and the relative cytokines may be involved in the development of EAM,and the possible pathomechanism is to enhance the generation of Th17 cells, and the production of IL-17.
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