| Prostate cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The present study investigated the effects of fangchinoline, an important compound in Stephania Tetradra S. Moore (Fenfangji) with pain-relieving, blood pressure-depressing, and antibiotic activities, on human PCA. The results are shown as follows:1. It was found that Fan inhibited human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3) proliferation in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Studies of cell-cycle progression showed that the anti-proliferative effect of Fan was associated with an increase in the G1/S phase of PC-3 cells. Western blotting results indicated that Fan-induced G1/S phase arrest was mediated through inhibition of cyclin-regulated signaling pathways. Fan induced p27 expression and inhibited cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in PC-3 cells.2. Increased exposure time to Fan caused apoptosis of PC-3 cells, which was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.3. Fan had anti-tumorigenic activity in vivo, including reduction of tumor volume and pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in a PC-3 nude mouse xenograft. Taking all this together, it can be concluded that Fan is an effective anti-proliferative agent that modulates cell growth regulators in prostate cancer cells.
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