| Objective To investigate the time perception in normal persons who under different emotional states by using the duration bisection task, and the depressed and manic patients by using time reproduction task, the aim of this study was to discuss how emotion affect our time perception from the perspective of cognitive neuropsychology, and to try to find out the mechanism of neurobiochemistry about it.Method Experiment 1: using the duration bisection task, to research 74 normal college students and give every student different affective pictures (pleasant high arousal slides: 5, pleasant low arousal slides: 5, unpleasant high arousal slides: 5, unpleasant low slides: 5, neutral slides: 10), tell them estimate the duration of every picture and record their point of subjective equality. Experiment 2: using the time reproduction task, to research 28 depressed patients, 22 manic patients, and 26 age and education level matched healthy persons as healthy controls. Participants reproduce those time intervals after 1-second or 5-second delaying. Computer recorded the results of reproduction automatically.Result Experiment 1: both value and arousal of affective pictures on the time perception are signification [value, F(2, 438)=60.58, P<0.001]; arousal, F(1, 438)=8.74, P<0.005]; for similar arousal stimuli, the duration of positive slides was judged shorter than the duration of neutral slides (low arousal/positive and neutral slides: 1.77±0.35,2.05±0.34; high arousal/positive and neutral: 1.91±0.34,2.05±0.35), while negative ones are longer than neutral ones (low arousal/negative and neutral slides: 2.20±0.34,2.05±0.34; high arousal/negative and neutral: 2.36±0.31,2.05±0.35); for similar value stimuli, the high arousal slides was judged relatively longer than the low arousal slides (positive/high and low arousal slides: 1.91±0.34,1.77±0.35; negative/high and low slides: 2.36±0.31,2.20±0.34), all of these are signification. Experiments 2: both depressed patients and manic patients are abnormal (P<0.001), depressed patients over-reproduced the time interval than healthy controls (600ms/delay 1s:1.6±0.6, P<0.001; 600ms/delay 5s:1.7±0.6, P<0.001; 3s/delay 1s:3.9±0.9, P<0.001; 3s/delay 5s:3.9±0.7, P<0.001; 5s/delay 1s:5.9±1.3, P<0.001; 5s/delay 5s:6.1±1.3, P<0.001), yet manic patients under-reproduced the time interval (600ms/delay 1s:0.7±0.2, P<0.01; 600ms/delay 5s:0.6±0.3, P<0.001; 3s/delay 1s:1.7±0.5, P<0.001; 3s/delay 5s:1.8±0.6, P<0.001; 5s/delay 1s:2.9±0.7, P<0.001; 5s/delay 5s:3.0±0.8, P<0.001). The results of time reproduction task in patients were not related to age, education, duration of illness, number of admission (P>0.05), but had some relation to severity of illness, that had a positive effect on the score of HAMD in depressed patients (six times: r=0.44,0.46,0.73,0.61,0.55,0.50,P<0.05), and had a negative effect on the score of BRMS in manic patients (six times: r=-0.57,-0.54,-0.71,-0.69,-0.80,-0.71,P<0.05)Conclusion Emotion will affect people's time perception, that is time will be underestimated with positive mood, while overestimated with negative mood, it displayed that the neurotransmitter in brain may take part in the processes of time perception.
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