Classical And Molecular Cytogenetic Abnormalities Of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective:The incidence and development of tumors which maybe closely related to cytogenetic abnormalities. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant tumor of hemopoietic system. It has been studied that the majority of patients with leukemia have non-random chromosome aberrations and fusion gene which may provide important information for typing, prognostic evaluation, options of treatment, and even the researches of pathogenesis. The purpose of this article is to study the distribution of karyotype and the relationship between chromosome abnormalities and prognostic in AML according to known domestic and international hierarchical cytogenetic classification. Methods:Cytogenetic examination of bone marrow cells was performed by short-turn culture method. G banding technique was used for karyotype analysis.AML1/ETO fusion gene and PML/RARa alpha fusion gene were analyzed respectively by RQ-PCR in 95 AML patients.65 patients accepted the two course of treatment.Their response and survival rate were analyzed.Results:Karyotypic abnormalities were detected in 50 of 95 patients (52.6%). The expression rate in FAB subtypes were M3 92.3%, M2 44.7%, M4 21.4%, M1 50%, M5 16.7%.6 cases were numerical abnormalities.24 cases with variant of t (15; 17) and 15 cases with variant of t(8; 12) were detected. Dormant and variance translocations were found when applying RQ-PCR technique to detect AML1-ETO fusion gene and PML-RARa fusion gene which were associated with FAB subtypes M2 and M3. To analyze the remission rate accepted the two course of treatment about the 64 patients except M3.It classify three groups according to cytogenetics,the high risk group was 50%,mediate risk group was 74.5%,low risk was 88.9%. The remission rate were statistically difference (P<0.05) in three groups. Conclusion:Chromosome analysis and detection of fusion genes are helpful in the diagnosis of AML and the differentiation of AML subtype and treatment. Genetic abnormality is a factor influences the t reatment response of acute leukemia.