| Objectives:this article focuses on the characteristics of the influenza among children and adolescent in the past 2 years of Pudong New Area, especially makes a comparison of the influenza before and after the H1N1, and figures out some scientific basis for the preventive measures of influenza. After analyzing the control against the prevailing of influenza, I draw out some suggestions.Method:monitoring by sentinel hospitals like Eastern Hospital and the People's Hospital of Pudong New Area, investigating at the sites, collecting influenza-like-illness cases in the department of pediatrics at the sentinel points in Pudong New Area from Jan.2008 to Dec.2009, collecting and sending ILI samples to the lab for investigation, and analyzing and describing epidemic materials and aetiological investigation results with the documents about the controls of new first type H1N1.Result:①Seasonal characteristics:before the first type H1N1 influenza prevailed, there existed 2 prevailing peaks among ILI in Pu Dong New Area, the spring peak was relatively fixed(in March and April) and the value was lower than that in Autumn peak; after the first type H1N1, there existed two peaks (the August-September peak and the October-November peak), the peak values were apparently higher than the spring peak values and the peak values in 2008 as well.②characteristics of population distribution:the pediatrics in Eastern Hospital monitored that the age structure from August-November in 2009 was obviously different from that in 2008, and in the former the age group of 5-15 years old was higher than the age group of 0-5 years old. In the ILI structure from People's Hospital in Pu Dong New Area, the figues of ILI in less than 5 year-old children in non-flu-epidemic season are more than that of 5-15 year-old children, while in flu-epidemic season the amout of 5-15 year-old children are quitely more than that of 0-5 year-old group because of their being in schools.③Aetiological measure results:the isolated influenza virus peak and the ILI% peak in Pudong New Area were almost identical, but the appearance in 2008 and 2009 were quite different. In 2008 there were 3 obvious isolated peaks, in March and April it showed the same virus positive isolating rate like the local outbreak of aetiology, type B was the most, then H3N2; in 2009 the isolating peaks appeared in August and October-November, the same like the ILI monitoring result, and during the peak in August H3N2 and the new first type H1N1 had been checked out at the same time, H3N2 was the most; during the peak in November, the positive rate reached at 56.04% and the new first type H1N1 was 100%. The seasonal and dominant influenza strains in aetiology monitoring, in spring in 2008 were mainly seasonal B type and H3N2, and in autumn or winter mainly seasonal H1N1; in spring in 2009 all the three types of seasonal influenza had been checked out, in summer mainly seasonal H3N2, in autumn or winter the new first type H1N1 became dominant gradually and decreased in December, and at the same time B type was checked out.④characteristics of ILI or influenza outbreak:from 2008 to the first half year in 2009 the influenza were relatively stable, in spring B type mainly took place in some local areas(all in lowest age group in primary schools). The ILI/influenza in Pudong New Area happened mainly in schools. From September in 2009 the disease began to expand from middle schools to primary schools and kindergarten, in December the disease suddenly decreased; the disease focused much more in the areas along the Huangpu River and of Cuansha and Zhangjiang, where a lot of schools distribute than the country side where less of schools.⑤the influence of policies to the new first type H1N1:from May-July in 2009, having taken the extremely strict control measures, we had prevented the prevailing of H1N1 in communities in our country, especially in Shanghai and in Pudong New Area. In the beginning of July in 2009, the government issued related cases and some documents about the close contacts, isolate at home and visiting, and it took only 2 months that the disease evolved from control phase to prevailing phase in communities. From September to November the disease expanded greatly, large scale of disease in schools. After launching the large scale of vaccination of new first type H1N1 vaccine, it rapidly reduced the ILI count and structure of 5-15 years old patients in monitoring points in December.Conclusion:①though the overall characteristics of the influenza epidemic can be drawn out thoughtout the two sentinels in Pudong New Area, there are always something which can be developed such as the scale of monitoring and the stable of collected stata, especially which comes from Estern Hospital. It can be suggested that it is essential to expand coverage rate of monitoring points, including different areas, the medical organizations of the different levels and other units as much as possible, such as the drugstores or collective units. Provide a strict train for the whole medical workers who are collecting the monitoring materials and make a regular quality control for them by specialized personnel.②to expand the population of, which means to collect more samples from individuals in order to analysize the characteristics of FLU further. In order to give further analysis of the reasons why the outbreaks of the influenza would happen and spread, it is recommended to take aetiological tests in each outbreak③strengthen the work of influenza vaccination and prevention in autumn and winter in Pudong New Area, strengthen the propagation and education of influenza prevention, prevent excessive crowd assembling, guarantee to have a good ventilating air in the room. Ensure certain vaccination rate of students in middle and primary schools; strengthen vaccination of low aged children. ILI/influenza mainly happens in primary schools and middles schools, strengthen the health education in schools, self health care consciousness and ability of preventing diseases among teachers and students. Vaccination in primary and middle schools plays an important role in the control of influenza.
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