Study Of Bacteriostatic Action Of Zingiber Corallinum Hance Oil On Common Drug-resistant Bacteria

Antibiotics plays a vital role in controlling the infectious diseases in human. But unfortunately, the excessive and irregular use of antibiotics has resulted in the increase in the type and number of drug-resistant bacteria followed by the formation and diffusion of bacterial drug resistance. Therefore, in clinical practice, the therapeutic effects of antibiotics have been blunted which directly strengthened the difficulty of clinical therapy for infection patients. Till now, the bacterial drug resistance has been the focus in the worldwide medicine field. Recent researches have shown that some naturally occurring drugs not only possess extensive antibacterial activity, but have the merit that the bacteria are not apt to form drug resistance, which has been attracted extensive attention in varying research institutions all over the world.The Zingiber coral Hance used in this study (alias Jiang Yin) belongs to the Ginger group in Ginger family. As a natural herbal plant, it has anti-inflammatory, detoxifying and anti-bacterial functions, etc. The active component of Zingiber coral Hance is mainly the coral ginger oil or Zingiber corallinum Hance oil with significant antibiosis properties. Previous studies only reported the inhibitory effects of coral ginger oil on fungi and some non-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Its role in controlling the drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria remains unknown, especially for the conditional pathogenic bacteria. Other statistical results indicated that Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunity pathogen in hospital-acquired infections. The patients in intensive care unit (ICU) have more risk in suffering from the multi-drug resistant immobility Acinetobacter baumannii. In fact, the infection due to this dangerous bacterium has become epidemic or even explosive prevalence in the many parts of the world for lack of efficient sensitive antibiotics. To this end, this study tries to explore the inhibitory effects of coral ginger oil on common drug-resistant bacteria, especially for Acinetobacter baumannii. The research focused on the following three aspects: (1) To investigate bacteriostasis effects of coral ginger oil on common drug-resistant bacteria in clinical treatment; (2) To study the acute toxicity of coral ginger oil for assessing its clinical usage safety. (3) To further examine its bacteriostasis and bactericidal effects for drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, an important nosocomial pathogen. This study aims to provide the new experimental evidence for the development of effective antibacterials as a new dosage in the treatment of common drug-resistant bacteria.In view of these objectives of coral ginger oil, this research firstly select the susceptibility test of paper disk method to investigate the bacteriostasis effects of coral ginger oil on common drug-resistant bacteria, as well as explore major bacteriostasis component of the coral ginger oil. Secondly, the oral gavage experiment of fasting mice is used to observe the effect of acute toxicity of coral ginger oil and using the modified Kou's method to test median lethal dose (LD50). Finally, broth dilution method is performed to test the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of coral ginger oil on drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii for clarifying the more detailed effects of coral ginger oil in the treatment of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.The main results are as follows,1. Zingiber corallinum Hance oil formed obvious bacteriostasis ring on gram-negative drug-resistance bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, as well as gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and hemolytic Staphylococcus (P < 0.05), but the bacteriostasis rings can be observed significantly in the Terpinene-4-alcohol group with 79% coral ginger oil(P < 0.05), In contrast, the bacteriostasis rings were not observed in the Terpinene-4-alcohol group with 34% coral ginger oil. Also, the diameters of bacteriostasis rings in Terpinene-4-alcohol group with 79% coral ginger oil were more largerer than that of the Terpinene-4-alcohol group with 34% coral ginger oil(P < 0.05). 2. From 6.5% of the coral ginger oil of survival concentration in mice, with the increasing of coral ginger oil concentration, the mortality elevated in mice. The mortality reached 100% when the drug concentration is up to 40%. The mice in negative control group of Tween-80 all survived. The LD50 of Coral ginger oil is 1790.43 mg/kg. Through the histopathological examination, the high-dose toxicity lesions are mainly involved in the lung, liver, intestine and kidney tissues. Other organs were not found to be injured.3. The MIC/MBC of coral ginger oil on drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is 0.16%.ConclusionsCoral Ginger oil is a low toxicity drug which has significant bacteriostasis and bactericidal effects, in particular, for drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Terpinen-4-ol is the main antibacterial component. Therefore, the coral ginger oil has promising natural component with satisfied safety and antibacterial properties, especially for the bacteriostasis on drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. With the constant improvement of the technology of Chinese herbal drugs compound, one can conclude that not only more new formulations of Coral Ginger oil may be developed, but also its toxicity would be lowered in elevating the content of its active ingredient for playing more extensive antibacterial activity.