After The "Drive Out The Northern Barbarians" Beijing Manchu Image Construction

The Revolution of 1911,which overthrew the Qing Dynasty and changed the nature of the Chinese society at that time, brought us both great achievements and undeniable historical limitations. Taking"Drive out the northern barbarians"as the first concern, it laid considerable aftermath for the Manchu, the most special ethnic in the modern history. This thesis is aiming to sort out through the masterpieces by the epitomized Manchu writers in erecting the Manchu image and seeking the Manchu identity. In this thesis, you can also find the analysis upon some works by the non-Manchu writers with respect to the Manchu image, which aims at digging out the unique ethnical emotion and psychological fluctuation of the Manchu people in the sequences of Jingqing Manchu image.The earliest revolutionary novels were full of criticism and uglification against the Manchu with ethnic resentment. After Xinhai Revolution, many bannermen fell down and worked in the press. They experiencedand took down the bitterness and misery in the lives of their own and their peers, and they pioneered in the Beijing-Style novels in Beijing dialect. Lao She, a master with comprehensive expression of Manchu, Chinese and even foreign cultures, went beyond the limitations of the ethics and created some vivid characters that are more realistic and appealing. Lao She lived in a special period of time. His sensitivity and self-respect made him subtle hesitating in his works related to his own ethnic——Manchu. Nevertheless, we can detect his inner contradictions of love and resentment, sentiment and introspection towards the Manchu. After the victory of the Chinese Revolutionary War, he had to suspend his writing of"Beneath the Red Banner", leaving an irreparable pity to both himself and the contemporary literature history.With the popularity of the Beijing-Style novels from1982 to 1983, bannermen and their culture became the focus among the writers, and a plenty of impressive bannermen characters emerged.Since the 1990s, Ye Guangqin's works have been impressing many scholars for his rebellious trait.The Manchu characters he created, talent and unlucky, were differentiated from the Manchu images that the people accustomed then. He created many representative descendents of the Manchu nobles and presented his attachment to his family. It also shows that the Manchu writers could finally come to the world and heartily express their affection to their common identity and features under a more magnanimous social environment.The development of the Manchu images in literature symbolized that the Chinese people realized the gradual process of the history is objective and necessary. From a certain point of view, the rise and fall of the Manchu bannermen came along with the progressing of the social cognition. With the vicissitudes of the Manchu images, there are more important lesions worth reviewing regarding literature and even the whole society.