Pragmatic Transference Of Stereotypical Relations In Translation

According to the Neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of implicatures, stereotypical relation is found to be a key factor to the derivation of generalized implicature, which in turn serves as a background implicature to the derivation of particularized implicature. As some shared knowledge to the language participants, stereotypical relations are usually not said explicitly but embedded in some lexical items or expressions known as presupposition triggers. And these presupposition triggers can stimulate stereotypical interpretation in the memory schemas of the SL readers so as to derive generalized implicatures, based on which particularized implicatures can be derived in the context. Therefore the author of this thesis thinks that the translation of implicatures actually depends on the translator's pragmatic transference of the stereotypical relations. This thesis aims to analyze what influences will be resulted from stereotypical relations on translation and how to transfer the original stereotypical relations to the target language pragmatically.The author analyzes the linguistic information constructions of stereotypical relations from their phonologic, semiotic and rhetoric information; and analyzes their cultural information constructions from their historic, religious and customary information. Due to some particular linguistic and cultural constructions of the original stereotypical relations, they constitute many subjective and objective influences on translating the source implicatures. The so-called objective influence refers to the linguistic and cultural vacuums of sense caused by stereotypical relations in the context of the TL text, which will make the translation incoherent to TL readers. The subjective influence refers to the troubles encountered by translators in their subjective attempts to convey the original implicatures in way of implicationalization. Both the process and degree of implicationalization in translation will be influenced by stereotypical relations.Based on the analysis on their influences on translation, the prerequisites, purposes and methods of pragmatic transference of stereotypical relations are discussed in the thesis. The author thinks the pragmatic transference of stereotypical relations requires that translators be competent in both the source and target languages and cultures, and evaluate correctly on the TL readers' access to the stereotypical relations. And the purposes of the pragmatic transference are: first of all, to convey the111writer's implicature TL readers; secondly, to achieve text coherence for TL readers; thirdly, to retain aesthetic values in the TL text.Since presupposition triggers are the linguistic intermediary stimulating stereotypical interpretations to derive implicatures, the five methods suggested in the thesis center on how to use presupposition triggers to convey the original implicatures in the TL text. These methods are: 1) using same presupposition triggers in TL text; 2) adding notes to the original presupposition triggers in the TL text; 3) modifying the original presupposition triggers in the TL text; 4) using substitutes for the original presupposition triggers in the TL text; 5) explicating the original implicatures in TL text.Finally, the author points out that stereotypical relations are of strong colors of certain ages, geographical areas and nationalities. The strategies towards the pragmatic transference of stereotypical relations vary with development of the society and cultural communication. Some of the traditional pragmatic views toward translation are examined and a new pragmatic orientation is suggested for translation studiesin the future.