| The dissertation consists of four parts.The first part is a summary of different comments on the chapters that concern commerce and businessmen in LiaoZhaiZhiYi. Following is two stages of my comments on the business which done by the people in the Qing Dynasty. They concentrated on the evaluation of the morality and the individual opinions of the businessman in some chapters. However, profound as the comments were, they were limited in their approach and often unsuitable. Recent writers have researched and expressed individual opinions on the commercial phenomena of the Qing Dynasty. Prior to the comment of some chapters in LiaoZhaiZhiYi, there were two kinds of dissertations. One was to comment on the vision of the businessman; and the other is to comment of the commercial consciousness of Po Song-Ling. They have their different opinions, but lack the further research into the commercial cultures.Part two mainly tells of the research into the external factors which lead Po Song-Ling to write a lot of works concerned with commerce. That is the foundation that produces the theory of commercial culture. In my thesis, I also discuss the circumstances occurring when a large number of people take up commerce at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty. At that time ruling class wanted to survive themselves, so they changed their attitudes to the businessman. Po Song-Ling came from a merchant family but they had poor living conditions, which influenced his ideas. In order to express the individual opinions, Po Song-Ling showed understanding of the businessman.Part three explores three aspects which analyzes the characteristics which created the commercial culture according to the description of commercial activities and the role of the businessman.First of all, Po described the commercial activities in detail, which establishes the basis for writing truthfully about the culture.Secondly, Po created figures of different businessmen, such as ordinary businessmen, peddlers, others who were intellectuals at first, and women in business. Every kind of businessman showed different characteristics, which researches in different approaches to culture. This allowed deep individual opinions to be expressed in the novel.Thirdly, To fulfill his aim, Po Song-Ling mixed the reality and unreality in his writing style, constructing his novel with fiction, and developed the ideas in concerning commerce. So in his work he showed great intelligence. His work is not only thought-provoking, but mythical.In part four, I generalize his ideology of commercial culture in LiaoZhaiZhiYi, moreover, I analyze his ideology root further.Firstly, I generalize Po Song-Ling's ideology of commercial culture. In his ideology, Po appealed people that should abandon the prejudice to commerce, and commerce should be equal to scholarship, agriculture, etc. He advocated the more understanding of commerce, and also great care to concerning commercial morality. He abhorred embezzlement and abuse in commerce. He protested that governors took profits from businessmen. His ideology was always concerned with right judgment and justice for commerce.Secondly, I research the cultural origins of his commercial ideology. They are the inheritance of ideas from Shi Ji, the striving for making Confucianism as the basis for civilizing the businessmen, and the inheritance from traditional literature.In part five, compared with other novels, such as Jin Ping Mei, San Yan Er Pai which concern commerce and businessmen, I give a foremost recognition to the commercial ideology in LiaoZhaiZhiYi. LiaoZhaiZhiYi is another great novel that concerns businessmen and commerce in addition toJin Ping Mei and San Yan Er Pai, but the negative attitude to reality in its writing style is different from the style in Jin Ping Me. Moreover, his attitude to commerce and business is much better than the attitude in San Yan Er Pai. In a word, to his combination of fact and fiction and his special aesthetic writing styles allowed, Po So...
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