Research On The Record Of Laws AndSystems Of The Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty is near to today, so its historical books are so many that no dynasty in Chinese history can compare with it. Faced with so great amount of record, the researchers often feel bewildering, for they cannot read only half of them all their lifetime.Strengthing the researth on the key histories can make it easy for us to apply them and help us solve the ploblem that the histories are too many to be cover. In this thesis the author researches into the history books about systems of Qing dynasty, and focuses on the DaQingHuiDian (D.Q.H.D, Records of laws and systems of Qing Dynasty ) ,comparing them with QingSanTong (Q.S.T), which refer to three books: QingChaoTongDian (General Systems of Qing Dyansty),QingChaoTongZhi(Gneral Record of Qing Dynasty) and QingChaoWenXianTongKao (Q.C.W.X.T.K, General Research on the Document of Qing Dynasty)and the examples of affairs (E.A)related to each office,in order to clearify the relation amang the main kinds of historical books about systems.The thesis is divided into three parts.In the part one, the anther explores the compiling of the five volumes of the D.Q.H.D(writen in KangXi,YongZheng,QianLong,JiaQing and GuangXu periods) as well as the changes between each of them, pointing out specially their instrument social function. On the one hand, examples were compiled in the way of relating the official duty according to the official position and recounting the government affair according to the duty. The D.Q.H.D is the foundation of all level of government's working, the law observed by all the people of that times, and the guaranteee of the society smooth operation. In one word, they act as laws. On the other hand, examples were related in the order of time, so the D.Q.H.D is dynasty history about systems from which the rulers learned and then perfected the institution further more. Between the five volumes of the D.Q.H.D, the content and style changed to some extend. The change made by the D.Q.H.D of QianLong is the largest among the five books, whereas, that of GuangXuis the least. In spite of the changes, their function of laws and history have no change all the time.In the part two, the anther researches into the relation of D.Q.H.D and the Q.S.T. by comparing QianLong D.Q.H.D with the Q.W.X.T.K. There are some differences between the two books. First. They have different origin and distinct angle to record the systems. The former developed from such books as the TangLiuDian, the ZhuSiZhiZhang and the DaMingHuiDian. Whereas, the latter developed from the "Shu" in the ShiJi, "Zhi" in the HanShu as well as the WenXianTongKao. The former is a combination of code and historical book, whereas, the latter in only a pure historical book about systems. Second, styles of the two books are distinct. The former related systems according to the office position, but the latter recounted institutions according to the kinds of government affairs. Third, their contents are different to some extend. Although the two books recorded the systems of the same period and some of their content are same, the different records are more, so they can complement each other.In part three, taking the HuBu Example compiled in the TongZhi 13 year and the GuangXu D.Q.H.D as examples, the writer compares the D.Q.H.D with E.A. compared with the D.Q.H.D , the E.A are not histories of systems, but the collection of administrative laws and regulations related to certain departments, which are strong realistic.In the end, the writer reviews the main idea of the thesis and points out the significance of this study.