The Movement Of The Commercial RailwayCompanies In Late Qing

In the early 20th century, a great movement of the commercial railway companies in strength and impetus emerged in China. Each company raised a large number of funds and built some railway lines, But all the companies were nationalized in the end because of some non-overcomable difficulties. There're bound to be examplary approaches for China's existing railway constructive career, if we can fully realize the meaning of the movement and summarize its experiments and lessons. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section mainly describes the background of the movement of the commercial railway companies: Chinese compercial companies developed rapidly and the capitalist class were willing to fund in the railway construct;Too much of the rights were exploited by the big powers because the railway were under the control of them,which led to great objection of Chinese;the economic nationalism idea were widely diffused in China;The railway policies of Qing Government transferred and the movement for the reclaimation of railway rights advanced rapidly. The second section refers to the occurrence of the commercial railway companies;the project of the railway lines;raising the funds,the inner organization management,the achievements of building railway,the existed problems and the consequenses.Because the economy of China lacked and the industry and commercial development non-balanced,each railway conpanies adopted variant approaches to raise funds and there were great distance in the inner organization management among the companies.But in general,the disorder of the organization management and the fact that each does things in his own way in the railway project existed,therefore,the railway constructive achievement were poor.Under such conditions,Qing government had to nationalized the commercial railway companies. The third section mainly summarizes the evaluations of the movement of the commercial railway companies: It's objective for Qing government to nationalize the commercial railway companies under the conditions at that time; meanwhile the movement of the commercial companies enforced the development of the capitalism in China, promoted the movement of the reclaimation of railway rights, propogated the ideology of saving the country by developing industry and commerce,disseminated the democracy and constitutionalism idea, and cultivated quantities of railway talented person,who based the development of the later railway career in china .In sum,it is important to realize that there are many successful experiences for us to study and emulate; there're also many miserable lessens for us to summarize and reflect.